Read the passage from Animal Farm.

Question

In April, Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic, and it became necessary to elect a President. There was only one candidate, Napoleon, who was elected unanimously. On the same day it was given out that fresh documents had been discovered which revealed further details about Snowball's complicity with Jones. It now appeared that Snowball had not, as the animals had previously imagined, merely attempted to lose the Battle of the Cowshed by means of a stratagem, but had been openly fighting on Jones's side. In fact, it was he who had actually been the leader of the human forces, and had charged into battle with the words "Long live Humanity!" on his lips. The wounds on Snowball's back, which a few of the animals still remembered to have seen, had been inflicted by Napoleon's teeth.

How does this passage demonstrate the use of propaganda?

It uses bandwagon by claiming that Snowball was fighting alongside Jones.
It uses scapegoating by blaming Snowball for actions he is not responsible for.
It uses hyperbole by exaggerating Snowball’s actions during the Battle of the Cowshed.
It uses repetition by repeating tales of Snowball’s actions during the Battle of the Cowshed.

Answer 1

The passage demonstrates the use of propaganda primarily through the option:

It uses scapegoating by blaming Snowball for actions he is not responsible for.

In this context, Napoleon and the other pigs are manipulating the narrative about Snowball to consolidate their power and deflect responsibility. By portraying Snowball as a traitor who fought on the side of the humans, they redirect the animals' anger and distrust away from themselves and onto Snowball, who is already vilified. This tactic is a classic example of scapegoating, as it unjustly blames Snowball for failures and problems within the farm, reinforcing the authority of Napoleon and the pigs.