Read the following verses from the Analects:

Question

“The Master said, ‘If one is guided by profit in one’s actions, one will incur much ill will.’”
“The Master said, ‘The gentleman understands what is moral. The small man understands what is profitable.’”
Based on these verses, what does Confucius recognize about specific attitudes toward specific social classes in ancient China?

(1 point)
Responses

The low positions held by the Nong meant that they were seen by the higher-ranking members of Chinese society as being lazy and greedy.
The low positions held by the Nong meant that they were seen by the higher-ranking members of Chinese society as being lazy and greedy.

The Shang class were viewed with disrespect because their greed threatened natural harmony.
The Shang class were viewed with disrespect because their greed threatened natural harmony.

The Gong were held in lower respect than the Shang because they produced goods with their hands.
The Gong were held in lower respect than the Shang because they produced goods with their hands.

The Shi were held in low esteem because they did not practice moral behavior when running the government.
The Shi were held in low esteem because they did not practice moral behavior when running the government.

Answer 1

Based on the verses from the Analects, Confucius distinguishes between those motivated by profit and those guided by moral principles. This suggests a critical view of those who prioritize profit over morality, which could reflect on various social classes in ancient China. The verses imply that those who are concerned with profit (often associated with lower classes or less respected occupations) may encounter distrust or disdain from those of higher moral standing (the "gentleman" or elite class).

Among the provided responses, the explanation that best aligns with Confucius's perspective is:

The Gong were held in lower respect than the Shang because they produced goods with their hands.

This reflects a traditional hierarchy in ancient Chinese society where scholars (Shi) were regarded as the highest class, while laborers (Gong) were often viewed with less respect. Confucius's emphasis on moral understanding further supports the idea that moral behavior was seen as superior to the pursuit of profit.