One cause of the Haymarket Affair was the inflammatory speeches made by the socialistic leaders during the meeting. These speeches, described as of a "most inflammatory character," fueled the anger and resentment of the listeners, which eventually led to the riotous behavior and violence.
One effect of the Haymarket Affair was the death and injury of multiple police officers and socialists. The throwing of bombs by an unidentified person into the midst of the police officers resulted in the deaths of five policemen and the injury of others. In addition, the subsequent exchange of gunfire between the police and the rioters led to further casualties on both sides. This event heightened tensions between labor activists, socialists, and the authorities, leading to a crackdown on labor movements and the persecution of anarchist and socialist groups.
Read the following primary source, then describe at least one cause and one effect of the Haymarket Affair:
Haymarket Affair: "Blood and the Bomb"
Chicago, ILL, May 4. - Great were the expectations of the socialistic leaders of running the meeting they had called for to-night. As early as 7:30 o'clock had been mentioned for the speaking, when the excitement would begin. The place chosen was the old hay market on Randolph street, capable of holding from 15,000 to 20,000 men. . .. The scene around the market about 8 p.m. showed that the scattered group of men loitering in the vicinity would make a crowd numbering not to exceed 1500.
A man who was standing in the crowd received a pistol ball in the thigh and has just been brought to the Central police station. He said that during the progress of the socialistic meeting a squad of officers marched by close to the speakers' stand. Some one shouted, "kill the d ds." Almost as soon as the words had been uttered three bombs were thrown from near the stand into the midst of the squad of officers. They exploded instantly and five policemen fell.
Others were wounded, and several of the socialists did not escape..
Later- more coherent accounts are coming in and they point to a much more disastrous affray than was at first reported. ... At the time of the throwing of the bombs the crowd had dwindled down to less than a thousand.
The utterances of the speakers were still of a most inflammatory character, however, and the hearers who still remained grew riotous in demeanor. The police concluded to put an end to the disturbance, and advancing, ordered the crowd to disperse. At first the socialists fell back slowly, one of the speakers still urging them to stand firm.
Suddenly the bombs were thrown. The police retorted instantly with a volley from their revolvers. The rioters answered with theirs, which shots showed they were provided with pistols. The mob appeared crazed with a frantic desire for blood, and holding its ground, poured volley after volley into the midst of the officers. The latter fought gallantly and at last dispersed the mob and cleared the marketplace.
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