Read the following extract and then answer the question below

Question

Jacobson illustrates communication as a two-way process. The sender has to decide on the purpose
of the message and encode it in such a way that the receiver can understand the intended message.
The sender must also determine the channel that will relay the message. The model is usually seen
to classify communication in linear form and works mostly when instructions or information is
given.
NOISE
FEEDBACK
NOISE

Chooses
a
medium
Receiver
decodes
message
Encodes Message
using a
code
Sender

Feedback is very important for reducing error in communication. One-way communication
situations (without feedback) provide for rather rapid delivery of a message, but introduce a high
probability that the message will not be understood. It is common for many receivers in one-way
situations to stop attending when they stop understanding. Even those who do attend may have a
completely different understanding of the message than what the sender intended to convey. There
is no way for the sender to know what was received if there is no provision for feedback
Tasks:
(i) Not including feedback, critically evaluate any three elements illustrated in
Jacobson’s interpersonal communication model. Give practical examples in your
evaluation. (20 marks)
(ii) Explain the importance of feedback in communication

Answer 1

(i) In Jacobson's interpersonal communication model, three elements can be critically evaluated:

1. Purpose of the message: The purpose of the message is crucial in effective communication. Without a clear purpose, the message may lack focus and fail to convey the intended meaning. For example, in a business setting, if a manager wants to communicate a new policy to their team, the purpose of the message should be to inform and ensure understanding. If the purpose is not clear, the team may interpret the policy differently or not take it seriously.

2. Encoding the message: The process of encoding involves translating the purpose of the message into words, gestures, or other forms of communication. It is essential for the sender to choose the right words and use appropriate non-verbal cues to effectively convey the intended message. For instance, in a presentation, if the speaker uses complex technical jargon that the audience does not understand, the message may not be encoded effectively, leading to confusion and misinterpretation.

3. Channel selection: The choice of channel to relay the message is also critical. Different channels, such as face-to-face conversation, email, or phone call, have different capabilities for conveying information. The sender needs to select a channel that is suitable for the message content and the audience's preferences. For example, if a manager needs to provide constructive feedback to an employee, it is better to do it face-to-face, as it allows for immediate clarification and discussion. Sending the feedback via email may not convey the nuances of the message effectively.

(ii) Feedback is of utmost importance in communication for several reasons:

1. Understanding and clarification: Feedback allows the sender to gauge whether the message was understood as intended. It provides an opportunity to clarify any confusion or misunderstandings. Without feedback, the sender remains unaware of whether their message was received accurately. For example, in a classroom, if a teacher asks students for feedback on their understanding, they can address any gaps in knowledge or misconceptions.

2. Adaptation and adjustment: Feedback helps the sender adjust their communication style or content based on the receiver's response. It enables them to tailor their message to ensure better reception and understanding. For instance, if a salesperson is pitching a product to a potential customer and receives feedback that they are not addressing the customer's needs, they can adapt their approach to better meet the customer's requirements.

3. Building trust and rapport: Feedback fosters a sense of openness and trust in communication. When a sender actively seeks feedback, it shows their willingness to listen and consider the receiver's perspective. This builds rapport and fosters a healthy communication environment. For example, in a team meeting, if a leader encourages feedback and actively incorporates it into decision-making, team members feel valued and are more likely to engage in open and honest communication.

In conclusion, the purpose of the message, encoding, and channel selection are key elements in effective communication illustrated in Jacobson's model. However, feedback plays a vital role in ensuring understanding, adapting communication, and building trust in interpersonal communication.