In the excerpt from President Reagan's speech, the following techniques are utilized:
A. pathos - Reagan appeals to the emotions of the audience by expressing concern for the hostages and their families, evoking feelings of empathy and urgency.
B. ethos - By expressing a deep concern for the well-being of the hostages and the future of the country, Reagan establishes credibility and demonstrates his commitment to the nation's values and welfare.
C. shift - The speech shifts from the immediate concern of the hostages to the broader implications for the country’s future, showing a transition in focus.
Therefore, the correct options are: A, B, and C.
D. understatement and E. overstatement do not accurately represent the techniques used in this excerpt.