According to Plato in the excerpt from the Republic, tyrants are able to maintain power through the following methods:
- They use taxation to oppress the population.
- They use war to rid themselves of political opponents.
The other options listed do not align with the ideas presented in the excerpt. Specifically, providing jobs or distributing land to the poor to gain their support, as well as building public works to distract people from problems, are not mentioned in the passage provided.