Reactions

Question

Properties of the Original
Substances
Properties of Products
Reaction 1: magnesium plus hydrochloric acid
A small piece of a silvery metal (magnesium) and a container of clear hydrochloric acid.
Small bubbles are seen accumulating on the metal strip.
Reaction 2: vinegar and baking soda
A clear liquid (vinegar) and a The combination bubbles and white powder (baking soda).
foams.
Reaction 3: silver nitrate and sodium chloride
Two clear liquids: silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution
A white precipitates forms (a powdery substance that settles to the bottom).

Answer 1

Based on the reactions described, here are the properties of the original substances and the products formed in each reaction:

Reaction 1: Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid

Original Substances:

• Magnesium: A small piece of a silvery metal that is lightweight and shiny.
• Hydrochloric Acid: A clear, colorless liquid with a strong acidic odor.

Properties of Products:

• Products: Magnesium Chloride and Hydrogen Gas
• Hydrogen Gas: Bubbles accumulate on the metal strip, indicating gas production, which is characteristic of a chemical reaction. The magnesium gradually dissolves, indicating a reaction is taking place.
• Magnesium Chloride: In solution, it typically shows no precipitate and is ionic.

Reaction 2: Vinegar and Baking Soda

Original Substances:

• Vinegar: A clear liquid that is acetic acid diluted in water, with a sour taste and strong odor.
• Baking Soda: A white powder (sodium bicarbonate) that is basic and has a slightly salty taste.

Properties of Products:

• Products: Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Sodium Acetate
• Carbon Dioxide: Bubbles and foaming occur, indicative of gas release during the reaction, often seen in acid-base reactions.
• Water and Sodium Acetate: These remain in solution, but the presence of bubbles and foaming suggests effervescence due to gas formation.

Reaction 3: Silver Nitrate and Sodium Chloride

Original Substances:

• Silver Nitrate: A clear liquid that is a colorless solution containing soluble silver ions.
• Sodium Chloride: A clear liquid solution containing sodium ions and chloride ions.

Properties of Products:

• Products: Silver Chloride (precipitate) and Sodium Nitrate
• Silver Chloride: A white precipitate forms, noticeable as a powdery substance that settles to the bottom of the container, indicating an insoluble product formed from the reaction.
• Sodium Nitrate: Remains dissolved in the solution, as it is highly soluble in water.

Summary

Each of these reactions demonstrates different properties of reactants and products, showcasing gas formation, bubbling, and precipitation as evidence of chemical change.

Answer 2

What is reaction 1

Answer 3

Reaction 1 involves the reaction between magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid. The chemical equation for this reaction can be written as follows:

\[ \text{Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) } \rightarrow \text{ MgCl}_2 (aq) + \text{ H}_2 (g) \]

Description of the Reaction:

• Reactants:

  • Magnesium (Mg): A small piece of a silvery metal that is lightweight and has high reactivity.
  • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): A clear, colorless solution of hydrogen chloride in water, which is a strong acid.

• Observation:

  • Small bubbles accumulate on the magnesium strip, which is indicative of gas production. This gas is hydrogen (H₂).

• Products:

  • Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂): This product remains in aqueous (dissolved) form. It is ionic and soluble in water.
  • Hydrogen Gas (H₂): This gas is produced as a byproduct, which you can observe as effervescence (bubbling).

Summary:

In this reaction, magnesium displaces the hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid, generating hydrogen gas and forming magnesium chloride in solution. This is an example of a single displacement reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one (hydrogen in this case).

Answer 4

But was this a Was this a chemical or physical reaction?

Answer 5

Reaction 1 (magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid) is a chemical reaction.

Reasons Why It's a Chemical Reaction:

1. Formation of New Substances:

   • Reactants (magnesium and hydrochloric acid) transform into new products (magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas). The chemical properties of these products are different from those of the reactants.

2. Gas Production:

   • The production of hydrogen gas (bubbles forming) is a hallmark of a chemical reaction. This indicates a change in chemical composition and the generation of a gaseous product.

3. Energy Change:

   • The reaction may also involve energy changes, such as the release of heat or light (though not always noticeable), which is often associated with chemical changes.

4. Irreversibility:

   • In many cases, the products cannot be easily converted back into the original reactants without significant intervention, which is another characteristic of chemical reactions.

In summary, the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is a clear example of a chemical change due to the production of new substances and observable indicators like gas production.