In this portfolio, you will investigate the effect of temperature and reactant concentration on the rate of chemical reactions. You will conduct two experiments, analyze your data with graphs, and explain the chemical reactions with evidence. Read the directions and review the key words for these lessons.
Part 1: Perform the Temperature Experiment
In this part of the portfolio, you will gather your materials and perform the first experiment, which involves temperature and reaction rate.
Step 1: Gather Materials
Gather the following materials for this experiment. When you are done with this experiment, set the materials aside. You will use them again in the experiment for Part 3.
clear 12-ounce plastic cups (7 cups total)
effervescent antacid tablets (1 package)
hot and cold tap water
ice cube(s)
marking pen
pen or pencil
sheet of graph paper
stopwatch or a watch or clock with a second hand
thermometer
Step 2: Perform the Temperature Experiment
Follow the step-by-step procedure to conduct your experiment. Record and describe your data. You will use this data for Part 2. Step-by-Step Procedure
Here is the step-by-step procedure.
Label one cup Hot Water, the second cup Ice Water, and the third cup Room Temperature Water.
Turn on a faucet and run the tap water until it is very hot. Fill the first cup about full of hot water.
Use the thermometer to take the temperature of the water. Record your data.
Drop one antacid tablet in the water. Measure the time it takes for the tablet to completely dissolve and stop fizzing. Record the time.
Fill the second cup about full of room temperature water. Add the ice cube(s) to bring up the water level so the cup is about full. Wait about 15 seconds for the temperature in the cup to come to equilibrium. The water should be cold.
Repeat Steps 3 and 4. Record your data.
Fill the third cup about full of room temperature water.
Repeat Steps 3 and 4. Record your data.
Record Data and Notes
Record your data from the procedure. You can record your data with any method you choose, but a table is provided as a starting point. If you use another data collection method, remove the table and insert it here. If you noticed anything during your investigation you want to document, use this space to jot down any notes or additional observations. (If needed, add more rows or columns to the table.)
Data
Hot Water
Cold Water
Room Temperature Water
Temperature
Part 2: Analyze the Temperature Experiment
Graph the data you collected in Part 1 and analyze it to understand the effect of temperature on reaction rate. Once your graph is complete, answer the questions that follow.
Step 1: Graph Your Data
Create a line or bar graph of temperature versus reaction time using the data from all three cups. Make sure your data is accurately represented. Note: Insert your data here.
Step 2: Questions
Review the data from the temperature experiment and the graph you created. Examine the results, and then answer the following questions to analyze the results. (Add additional space as needed for any item.)
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Analyze the data. Are there any statistical features in your data, including any patterns, sources of error within the study, or any limitations that may have impacted your research? What are they? How could they impact your research? Explain your response.
Suggest an everyday activity that will mirror your results of this activity.
This question has two parts.
What quantitative relationships were present in your data?
What mathematical calculations were needed before you could draw conclusions? Provide an example.
Notes
If you noticed anything during your investigation you want to document, use this space to jot down any notes or additional observations.
Part 3: The Concentration Experiment
To investigate concentration versus reaction rate, you will need some additional materials, which you should already have set aside from Part 1. Gather your materials and review the items. Specifically, you should ensure you have the following materials
the remaining materials you used in the activity from Part 1, including:
clear 12-ounce plastic cups (4)
fresh antacid tablets from your package (4)
Step 1: Plan and Conduct Experiment
Plan and Write Your Procedure
Now, you will create a step-by-step procedure for the second experiment. Review the procedure from Part 1 to understand how to describe the data and the collection methods you will use. You should be as detailed as possible.
. In this experiment, you need to decide what evidence and facts you need to collect. It may help you to think about the scientific principles. Answer the following questions and write out your procedure. (Add additional space as needed for any item.)
What evidence and facts do you need to collect?
What are the independent and dependent variables? Remember that data you collect is the dependent variable.
How will you measure the reactant concentration? It’s important to think about this now because you will graph your data.
What are the steps in your procedure? Describe them.
Record Data and Notes
Now, you will conduct your experiment and record your data. You can record your data with any method you choose, but the table in Part 1 is provided for you as a starting point. You may need to update the heading columns. If you notice anything during your investigation you want to document, you can also use this space to jot down any notes or additional observations. (Add additional space as needed.)
Step 2: Graph Your Data
Create a graph of your results using the data from the experiment. Note: Insert your data here.
Remember to label the axes appropriately. The vertical axis should be labelled with the reactant concentration, using the measurement you selected. You might label the axis 1 volume, volume, volume, and volume of water. You may also decide to measure the actual volume of water used in each cup, in milliliters or ounces.
Step 3: Analysis
Review the data from the experiment and the graph you created. Examine the results, and then answer the following questions. Remember to use key words and concepts you learned in this unit.
Suppose you measured reactant concentration when increasing the volume of water used in each cup. A friend chose to measure reactant concentration by dropping more than one antacid tablet into equal quantities of water. Will your graph look the same as your friend’s graph? Explain your reasoning.
Extend the line of your graph. What do you think will happen to the reaction as the concentration of the reactant particles approaches zero? Why?
1 answer
Reaction Rates Portfolio Worksheet
Part 1: Perform the Temperature Experiment
Step 1: Gather Materials
Materials:
Clear 12-ounce plastic cups (7 cups total)
Effervescent antacid tablets (1 package)
Hot and cold tap water
Ice cube(s)
Marking pen
Pen or pencil
Sheet of graph paper
Stopwatch or a watch/clock with a second hand
Thermometer
Step 2: Perform the Temperature Experiment
Step-by-Step Procedure:
Label cups: One as "Hot Water," the second as "Cold Water," and the third as "Room Temperature Water."
Run hot tap water until it is very hot and fill the "Hot Water" cup about 3/4 full.
Measure the temperature of the hot water using the thermometer and record it.
Drop one antacid tablet into the hot water and measure the time it takes for the tablet to completely dissolve and stop fizzing. Record this time.
Fill the "Cold Water" cup about 3/4 full with room temperature water, and add ice cubes until it reaches about 3/4 full. Wait about 15 seconds to allow the water temperature to stabilize.
Measure the temperature and record it.
Repeat step 4, dropping one antacid tablet into the cold water and measuring the time to dissolve.
Fill the "Room Temperature Water" cup about 3/4 full with room temperature water.
Measure the temperature and record it.
Repeat step 4, dropping one antacid tablet into room temperature water and measuring the time.
Record Data and Notes:
| Cup Type | Temperature (°C) | Time to Dissolve (seconds) |
|----------------------|-----------------------|---------------------------------|
| Hot Water | [Your data here] | [Your data here] |
| Cold Water | [Your data here] | [Your data here] |
| Room Temperature Water| [Your data here] | [Your data here] |
Notes/Observations:
Made sure to allow each temperature to stabilize before measurement.
Noted that fizzing can vary based on tablet condition.
Part 2: Analyze the Temperature Experiment
Step 1: Graph Your Data
(Insert graph showing temperature on the x-axis and time to dissolve on the y-axis.)
Step 2: Questions
What is the independent variable?
Temperature of the water.
What is the dependent variable?
Time taken for the antacid tablet to dissolve.
Analyze data for statistical features:
Patterns: The data likely shows that as temperature increases, the time to dissolve decreases.
Sources of error: Inconsistent temperature measurements, delays in dropping the tablet, or differences in tablet condition could affect results.
Limitations: Only using one type of effervescent tablet limits the generalizability of the experiment.
Suggest an everyday activity that mirrors your results:
Cooking food faster in hot water, like boiling pasta, compared to cold water, illustrates how temperature affects reactions.
What quantitative relationships were present in your data?
The relationship shows that there may be an inverse correlation: as temperature increases, the time to react (dissolve) decreases fast.
What mathematical calculations were needed?
Calculating average dissolution time or comparing times can help draw conclusions. For example, if hot water took 30 seconds, and room temperature took 60 seconds, the relationship can be expressed as a ratio of 1:2.
Notes:
Consider how to expand experiments in the future.
Need to ensure consistent temperatures for better accuracy.
Part 3: The Concentration Experiment
Materials
Clear 12-ounce plastic cups (4)
Fresh antacid tablets from your package (4, reserved from Part 1)
Step 1: Plan and Conduct Experiment
What evidence and facts do you need to collect?
Time taken for the antacid tablet to dissolve based on varying concentrations.
What are the independent and dependent variables?
Independent variable: Concentration of the reactants (amount of water and number of tablets).
Dependent variable: Time taken for the antacid tablet to dissolve.
How will you measure the reactant concentration?
By varying the number of antacid tablets in a fixed volume of water (e.g., using 1, 2, 3, and 4 tablets in 200 mL of water).
Drop the corresponding number of tablets into each cup simultaneously and measure the time to dissolve completely.
Record the time for each concentration.
Record Data and Notes:
| Cup Type | Concentration | Time to Dissolve (seconds) |
|----------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------------|
| 1 Tablet | [Your data here] | [Your data here] |
| 2 Tablets | [Your data here] | [Your data here] |
| 3 Tablets | [Your data here] | [Your data here] |
| 4 Tablets | [Your data here] | [Your data here] |
Step 2: Graph Your Data
(Insert graph.)
Step 3: Analysis
Will your graph look the same as your friend’s graph? Explain your reasoning.
Likely not, as my graph represents increased solubility with a fixed amount of water while my friend's measures concentration from the tablet side. The reaction rates would differ based on how concentration is defined.
Extend the line of your graph. What do you think will happen as the concentration approaches zero? Why?
As concentration approaches zero, the reaction rate will decrease significantly, as fewer reactant particles will collide, leading to fewer reactions.
This concludes the portfolio on reaction rates involving temperature and concentration impact on reaction rates. Ensure all data is accurately filled in during your experiment.
1 answer