The examples of increased centralization of power from the options provided are:
- the Commerce Clause
- the Incorporation Doctrine
These two concepts have historically contributed to increasing federal power over the states. The Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate interstate commerce and has been broadly interpreted to expand federal authority. The Incorporation Doctrine, through the Fourteenth Amendment, applies Bill of Rights protections to state laws, further increasing federal oversight.
The Comity Clause and the Due Process Clause do not primarily exemplify centralization of power in the same way. The Nullification Doctrine, on the other hand, is associated with states' rights and resistance to federal authority, not centralization.