The correct response is:
The force of gravity would double.
According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the force of gravity \( F \) between two masses \( m_1 \) and \( m_2 \) is given by the equation:
\[ F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2} \]
where \( G \) is the gravitational constant and \( r \) is the distance between the centers of the two masses.
If the mass of Earth (let's call it \( m_1 \)) doubles, while the mass of the Sun (let's call it \( m_2 \)) remains the same and the distance \( r \) does not change, the force of gravity would also double because the force is directly proportional to the mass of the object.
Thus, doubling the mass of Earth would result in doubling the gravitational force between Earth and the Sun.
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