The substance that should be added to the water in order for the bubbles to reappear is carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, water, and light to produce glucose and oxygen. The bubbles observed on the plant's leaves were likely oxygen produced during photosynthesis. If there is insufficient carbon dioxide in the water, the plant may not be able to undergo photosynthesis effectively, leading to no bubble production. Adding carbon dioxide would help stimulate the process and potentially lead to the reappearance of the bubbles.