Question

Question

A fisherman in a boat is drinking a cup of hot coffee. The large lake below his boat is full of cold water. Which statement is an accurate comparison of the lake water and the coffee?(1 point)
Responses

The lake will have more total thermal energy, and the particles in the lake water will be moving faster.
The lake will have more total thermal energy, and the particles in the lake water will be moving faster.

The lake will have more total thermal energy, but the particles in the coffee will be moving faster.
The lake will have more total thermal energy, but the particles in the coffee will be moving faster.

The coffee will have more total thermal energy, but the particles in the lake water will be moving faster.
The coffee will have more total thermal energy, but the particles in the lake water will be moving faster.

The coffee will have more total thermal energy, and the particles in the coffee will be moving faster.

Answer 1

The accurate comparison between the lake water and the coffee is:

The lake will have more total thermal energy, but the particles in the coffee will be moving faster.

This is because while the lake contains a larger volume of cold water with more total thermal energy (due to its mass), the coffee, being hotter, has particles that are moving faster than those in the colder lake water.

Answer 2

The gallium in the image is melting in the person’s hand. Which changes will occur on a microscopic level?

(1 point)
Responses

The gallium atoms will gain kinetic energy.
The gallium atoms will gain kinetic energy.

The gallium atoms will be moving faster on average.
The gallium atoms will be moving faster on average.

The gallium atoms will gain potential energy, moving freely from each other.
The gallium atoms will gain potential energy, moving freely from each other.

The gallium atoms will increase in temperature.

Answer 3

The most accurate response regarding what happens on a microscopic level as gallium melts in a person's hand is:

The gallium atoms will gain kinetic energy.

As gallium transitions from a solid to a liquid state due to the heat from the person's hand, the atoms gain kinetic energy, which allows them to overcome some of the forces holding them together in the solid state and start moving more freely.

Answer 4

Which object will have particles with the highest average kinetic energy?(1 point)
Responses

a drop of water at 90°C
a drop of water at 90°C

water at 40°C in a swimming pool
water at 40°C in a swimming pool

water at 37°C in a glass
water at 37°C in a glass

an iceberg at 0°C

Answer 5

The object that will have particles with the highest average kinetic energy is:

a drop of water at 90°C.

Kinetic energy is directly related to temperature; as the temperature of a substance increases, the average kinetic energy of its particles also increases. Therefore, the drop of water at 90°C will have higher average kinetic energy compared to the other options listed.

Answer 6

As water becomes warmer, boils and then becomes water vapor (steam), what happens to its kinetic and potential energies?(1 point)
Responses

The kinetic and potential energies of the particles will stay the same.
The kinetic and potential energies of the particles will stay the same.

The particles will gain potential energy as it heats up, but the kinetic energy of the particles will stay the same.
The particles will gain potential energy as it heats up, but the kinetic energy of the particles will stay the same.

The particles gain kinetic energy as it heats up, but the potential energy of the particles will stay the same.
The particles gain kinetic energy as it heats up, but the potential energy of the particles will stay the same.

The particles gain both potential and kinetic energy.

Answer 7

The correct response is:

The particles gain both potential and kinetic energy.

As water is heated, the kinetic energy of its particles increases, leading to higher temperatures. When it begins to boil and transition to steam, it gains additional potential energy as the particles overcome intermolecular forces to enter the vapor phase. Therefore, both kinetic energy (due to increased temperature) and potential energy (due to changes in state) increase during this process.