To determine how many half-lives have occurred after 80 hours, you simply divide the total time that has passed (80 hours) by the half-life of the isotope (20 hours):
\[ \text{Number of half-lives} = \frac{\text{Total time}}{\text{Half-life}} = \frac{80 \text{ hours}}{20 \text{ hours}} = 4 \]
So, the answer is:
d) 4