Question 12

Question

Question 12
Oyster Harvesting and Sustainability

A research team made up of biologists and archaeologists has studied Native American sites in Maryland for clues about sustainable oyster harvesting. After gathering data regarding the oyster population and human consumption of oysters over thousands of years, researchers noted long periods when the oyster population was stable. During these periods, typical Native American practices included confining oyster harvesting to shallow water. Oysters in the deeper water grew larger as a result of being undisturbed. Native Americans may have moved seasonally from one shellfishing area to another. Contemporary practices include deepwater shellfishing and dredging, as well as establishment of oyster farms and refuge areas. Pollution caused by modern industry and harvesting techniques such as dredging is harmful to the modern oyster population, and the population of oysters in the wild has been depleted by overharvesting.

A)
Use the passage to answer the question.

Which contemporary sustainability measure parallels the specified historical sustainability measure, as described in the passage?

(1 point)
Responses

Oyster harvesting through dredging is similar to the practice of confining oyster harvesting to shallow water.

Establishment of oyster farms is similar to the practice of abstaining periodically from the consumption of oysters.

Establishment of oyster refuge areas is similar to studying the archaeological evidence regarding the oyster population.

Oyster harvesting through dredging is similar to the practice of seasonally moving shellfishing to different areas.

Establishment of oyster refuge areas is similar to the practice of preserving deepwater regions for oyster growth.

Establishment of oyster refuge areas is similar to the practice of preserving deepwater regions for oyster growth.
Question 13
A)
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of densely populated regions?

(1 point)
Responses

temperate climate

low-lying areas

access to water

overpopulation

fertile land

fertile land
Question 14
A)
Which was the first historical event to spark a period of rapid population growth in some regions?

(1 point)
Responses

the Industrial Revolution

the Medical Revolution

the Communications Revolution

the development of the modern nation-state

the development of modern democracy

the development of modern democracy
Question 15
A)
Use the figure to answer the question.

A diagram shows a population pyramid for Denmark. The first group shows the male population and the second group shows the female population. There are 21 bars on the pyramid, each stacked atop the next, with each bar representing the number of people in an age group. Each age group includes four years, and the bars span from age zero to age 100 and older. The bars in this population pyramid are relatively balanced in all age groups, with a taper starting around age 70, and a slight dip in numbers around ages 25 to 35.

Examine the figure. What trend in NIR is represented by this population pyramid?

(1 point)
Responses

a moderate NIR when immigration is factored in

a high NIR augmented when immigration is factored in

very low or negative NIR

a moderate NIR

a high NIR

a high NIR
Question 16
A)
Which of the following is NOT a way in which population density and distribution affect health?

(1 point)
Responses

People in densely populated areas may lack access to clean water.

People in sparsely populated areas may lack access to medical facilities.

Delayed degenerative diseases are more common in populations with longer life expectancies.

Cancer is less common in populations with shorter life expectancies.

People in developed countries spend their own money on their medical care.

People in developed countries spend their own money on their medical care.
Question 17
A)
Use the graph to answer the question.

A line graph shows the relationship between population and resources for the years 2000 through projected use in 2100. There are two lines in the graph. The first line is population, the second represents resources. Both lines start in the same place, around unit 1, year 2000. By year 2025, both lines are still equal but have climbed to approximately unit 1.5. By year 2050, the lines diverge. The population line climbs to unit 4 while the resources line climbs to unit 2.5. At year 2075, the population line is at unit 9 and the resources line is at unit 3.5. By year 2100, the population line has climbed to unit 15, while the resources line is just over unit 4.

The top line of this graph depicts population and the bottom line depicts resources.
Which of the following BEST expresses the projected relationship between population and resources for the time period of 2025–2100? Assume each unit equals 1 billion.

(1 point)
Responses

Global population growth triples within 100 years from now, far exceeding the expected food supply.

Global resource production has exceeded population growth in this model.

Global resource production rates mirror population growth trends.

Population growth stimulates economic growth which generates higher food production.

The supply of certain resources are decreasing and other available resources are replacing them.

GPT-4o mini · Answer

### Answers: **Question 12:** **Establishment of oyster refuge areas is similar to the practice of preserving deepwater regions for oyster growth.** This choice correctly parallels the historical practice of allowing oysters to grow larger in undisturbed deepwater, with contemporary efforts to create refuge areas for oysters. --- **Question 13:** **Temperate climate** A temperate climate is not a common feature of densely populated regions, as regions with extreme climates (tropical, arid, etc.) can also be densely populated depending on agriculture, resources, and other factors. --- **Question 14:** **The Medical Revolution** The Medical Revolution, which brought advances in healthcare and sanitation, was a significant event that spurred rapid population growth as mortality rates decreased. --- **Question 15:** **Very low or negative NIR** The balanced age distribution, with a taper at older ages, indicates that Denmark has a very low or negative natural increase rate (NIR), suggesting an aging population and low birth rates. --- **Question 16:** **Cancer is less common in populations with shorter life expectancies.** This statement is NOT a way in which population density and distribution affect health, as cancer rates can vary and are generally not solely determined by life expectancy or population distributions. --- **Question 17:** **Global population growth triples within 100 years from now, far exceeding the expected food supply.** This choice best expresses the projected relationship indicated in the graph, where population growth significantly outpaces resource growth.

Answer

A)
Which of the following accurately represents the relationship between infant mortality rates and family planning?

(1 point)
Responses

Infant mortality rates are highest in areas with high levels of contraceptive use.

Infant mortality rates are highest in areas with high levels of contraceptive use.

Low infant mortality rates ultimately lead to an openness to reducing family size.

Low infant mortality rates ultimately lead to an openness to reducing family size.

Women in regions with high infant mortality rates are reluctant to have children.

Women in regions with high infant mortality rates are reluctant to have children.

Women who are well educated are better able to implement family planning methods.

Women who are well educated are better able to implement family planning methods.

High infant mortality rates usually reflect limited health system infrastructure.

High infant mortality rates usually reflect limited health system infrastructure.
Question 19
A)
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of forced migrations?

(1 point)
Responses

resource scarcity such as famine

resource scarcity such as famine

government-mandated eviction from a territory

government-mandated eviction from a territory

devastation caused by a natural disaster

devastation caused by a natural disaster

violent religious persecution

violent religious persecution

lack of specialty educational programs

lack of specialty educational programs
Question 20
A)
Use the figure to answer the question.

A map of the United States shows the flow of migrants within the country for the years 2012 and 2013. Four regions are shown on the map: West, Midwest, South, and Northeast. Arrows show the number of migrants who moved between regions. The largest numbers are moving from the Midwest and from the South to other regions. The highest numbers of migrants move from the Midwest and West to the South.

Examine the figure. Compare the internal migration in the United States with the internal migration evident in Canada in recent years.

(1 point)
Responses

In the United States, the South is the region with net in-migration; in Canada, the East is the region with net in-migration.

In the United States, the South is the region with net in-migration; in Canada, the East is the region with net in-migration.

In the United States, migration has been evenly distributed; in Canada, net-migration has increased the most in the interior of the country.

In the United States, migration has been evenly distributed; in Canada, net-migration has increased the most in the interior of the country.

In both the United States and Canada, the West is the region with net in-migration.

In both the United States and Canada, the West is the region with net in-migration.

In both the United States and Canada, the Southeast is the region with net in-migration.

In both the United States and Canada, the Southeast is the region with net in-migration.

In the United States, the South has the highest net in-migration; in Canada, the West has the highest net in-migration.

In the United States, the South has the highest net in-migration; in Canada, the West has the highest net in-migration.

GPT-4o mini · Answer

### Answers: **Question 18:** **Women who are well educated are better able to implement family planning methods.** This statement accurately reflects the relationship between education and family planning, as educated women typically have greater access to and knowledge about contraceptive options and reproductive health. --- **Question 19:** **Lack of specialty educational programs** This option is NOT characteristic of forced migrations. Forced migrations typically relate to immediate threats to safety or well-being (such as famine, natural disasters, governmental eviction, or persecution), rather than educational opportunities. --- **Question 20:** **In the United States, the South has the highest net in-migration; in Canada, the West has the highest net in-migration.** This response correctly compares the internal migrations in the two countries, indicating where net in-migration is occurring.

Answer

A)
Which of the following migration scenarios BEST represents the principles of Ravenstein’s law regarding international migration?

(1 point)
Responses

A young man migrates from his rural Chinese village to a large city elsewhere in China.

A young man migrates from his rural Chinese village to a large city elsewhere in China.

An elderly woman migrates from Mexico City to her son’s home in California.

An elderly woman migrates from Mexico City to her son’s home in California.

A young man migrates from Mexico to Texas in search of economic opportunities.

A young man migrates from Mexico to Texas in search of economic opportunities.

A young boy migrates from El Salvador to Mexico on his way to the United States seeking asylum.

A young boy migrates from El Salvador to Mexico on his way to the United States seeking asylum.

A young woman migrates from Russia to join her husband who is studying in Europe.

A young woman migrates from Russia to join her husband who is studying in Europe.
Question 22
A)
When considering the applications of prospective voluntary immigrants, which of the following is NOT a factor given priority under current U.S. law?

(1 point)
Responses

chain migration

chain migration

special professional skills

special professional skills

unification with a spouse who is a U.S. citizen

unification with a spouse who is a U.S. citizen

health of the applicant

health of the applicant

diversity from specified underrepresented countries

diversity from specified underrepresented countries
Question 23
A)
How has the 1985 Schengen Treaty affected migration flows in Europe?

(1 point)
Responses

The treaty was a response to security concerns raised by significant migration that overwhelmed some countries.

The treaty was a response to security concerns raised by significant migration that overwhelmed some countries.

The treaty significantly increased the number of refugees who migrated to Europe in the 1990s.

The treaty significantly increased the number of refugees who migrated to Europe in the 1990s.

The treaty made migration among European countries more open, and many moved seeking economic opportunity.

The treaty made migration among European countries more open, and many moved seeking economic opportunity.

The treaty established quotas for migration to ensure that Palestinian refugees were evenly distributed throughout Europe.

The treaty established quotas for migration to ensure that Palestinian refugees were evenly distributed throughout Europe.

The treaty created strict controls on migration, which were reversed in response to the humanitarian crises of the mid-1990s.

The treaty created strict controls on migration, which were reversed in response to the humanitarian crises of the mid-1990s.
Question 24
A)
Which U.S. states experience the greatest economic impact of having large numbers of unauthorized immigrants?

(1 point)
Responses

New Mexico and Nevada

New Mexico and Nevada

Texas and California

Texas and California

California and Florida

California and Florida

Texas and Florida

Texas and Florida

Texas and Georgia

Texas and Georgia
Question 25
A)
Which of the following accurately describes the way in which a feature of material culture varies according to geographic region?

(1 point)
Responses

In regions dominated by popular culture, people’s clothing choices are often determined by occupation, while in folk cultures, clothing choices are more significantly influenced by climate.

In regions dominated by popular culture, people’s clothing choices are often determined by occupation, while in folk cultures, clothing choices are more significantly influenced by climate.

Native American peoples developed the modern game of lacrosse, but the popular contemporary game differs significantly from the original in materials used and in the style of play.

Native American peoples developed the modern game of lacrosse, but the popular contemporary game differs significantly from the original in materials used and in the style of play.

Hip hop developed in the Bronx in the 1970s in response to social and political conditions, but as it diffused, hip hop became less political in order to achieve mainstream appeal.

Hip hop developed in the Bronx in the 1970s in response to social and political conditions, but as it diffused, hip hop became less political in order to achieve mainstream appeal.

Wine production is most prevalent in developing countries, where the grapes can be grown and the wine produced inexpensively, and then shipped all over the world.

Wine production is most prevalent in developing countries, where the grapes can be grown and the wine produced inexpensively, and then shipped all over the world.

In general, religion affects cultural activities and worship practices but does not affect material culture.

In general, religion affects cultural activities and worship practices but does not affect material culture.
Question 26
A)
What aspect of Indian folk culture is undergoing acculturation, influenced by popular culture, communication technology, and materialism?

(1 point)
Responses

Dowry customs display the influence of online dating services.

Dowry customs display the influence of online dating services.

Dowry customs display the influence of greater materialism.

Dowry customs display the influence of greater materialism.

Dowries generally include agricultural products or land.

Dowries generally include agricultural products or land.

Sons reaching adulthood are given less expensive tracts of land than in the past.

Sons reaching adulthood are given less expensive tracts of land than in the past.

Sons reaching adulthood relocate to neighboring communities where land is cheaper.

Sons reaching adulthood relocate to neighboring communities where land is cheaper.
Question 27
A)
A geographer wants to study aspects of material culture classified as folk culture. Given the nature of material culture and the origins, diffusion, and influences of folk culture, which of the following might be the BEST source for his project?

(1 point)
Responses

a field study examining cultural beliefs about housing in a remote village

a field study examining cultural beliefs about housing in a remote village

remote sensing data describing popular running routes in a city

remote sensing data describing popular running routes in a city

data regarding fashion trends collected at monthly intervals

data regarding fashion trends collected at monthly intervals

U.S. Census Bureau research regarding income levels in a census district

U.S. Census Bureau research regarding income levels in a census district

interviews of older small-town residents discussing their leisure activities

interviews of older small-town residents discussing their leisure activities
Question 28
A)
Which of the following BEST expresses the distinction between custom and habit and the significance of this distinction in studying culture?

(1 point)
Responses

A habit is a regular practice of a member of a community, while a custom is a seasonal practice, so researchers rely more on information about habits than customs in studying culture.

A habit is a regular practice of a member of a community, while a custom is a seasonal practice, so researchers rely more on information about habits than customs in studying culture.

A habit is an individual behavior practiced for a limited period of time and replaced by a custom, so researchers rely more on information about customs than habits in studying culture.

A habit is an individual behavior practiced for a limited period of time and replaced by a custom, so researchers rely more on information about customs than habits in studying culture.

A habit refers to workplace efficiencies, while a custom is a personal choice, so researchers rely more on information about customs than habits in studying culture.

A habit refers to workplace efficiencies, while a custom is a personal choice, so researchers rely more on information about customs than habits in studying culture.

A habit refers to an individual choice, while a custom relates to the choices typical of a group, so researchers rely more on information about customs than habits in studying culture.

A habit refers to an individual choice, while a custom relates to the choices typical of a group, so researchers rely more on information about customs than habits in studying culture.

A habit refers to a daily choice about accomplishing a task, while a custom relates to commercial and professional activity, so researchers rely more on information about habits than customs in studying culture.

A habit refers to a daily choice about accomplishing a task, while a custom relates to commercial and professional activity, so researchers rely more on information about habits than customs in studying culture.
Question 29
A)
Which of the following statements BEST describes the distribution of Indo-European languages?

(1 point)
Responses

Nearly one-fourth of the world’s people speak a language in one of the two branches of the Indo-European family.

Nearly one-fourth of the world’s people speak a language in one of the two branches of the Indo-European family.

Nearly half the world’s people speak a language in one of the four branches of the Indo-European family.

Nearly half the world’s people speak a language in one of the four branches of the Indo-European family.

About one-third of the world’s people, almost all of whom live in Europe, speak a language in the Indo-European family.

About one-third of the world’s people, almost all of whom live in Europe, speak a language in the Indo-European family.

Four-fifths of the world’s people speak a language in the Indo-European family, which has diffused to every continent.

Four-fifths of the world’s people speak a language in the Indo-European family, which has diffused to every continent.

Nearly half the world’s people speak a language in one of the eight branches of the Indo-European family.

Nearly half the world’s people speak a language in one of the eight branches of the Indo-European family.
Question 30
A)
What feature of language distribution does nomadic warrior theory seek to explain?

(1 point)
Responses

diffusion of a Sino-Caucasian ancestral language

diffusion of a Sino-Caucasian ancestral language

diffusion of Quechuan language families

diffusion of Quechuan language families

diffusion of a Proto-Indo-European ancestral language

diffusion of a Proto-Indo-European ancestral language

clustered distribution of Sinitic languages in East Asia

clustered distribution of Sinitic languages in East Asia

clustered distribution of Niger-Congo languages in Africa

clustered distribution of Niger-Congo languages in Africa

GPT-4o mini · Answer

### Answers: **Question 21:** **A young man migrates from Mexico to Texas in search of economic opportunities.** This scenario best represents the principles of Ravenstein’s law regarding international migration, particularly the idea that economic factors drive migration, and that migrants tend to move from less economically developed areas to more economically prosperous ones. --- **Question 22:** **Health of the applicant** The health of the applicant is NOT a priority factor under current U.S. immigration law. The priority factors include chain migration, special skills, spouse unification, and diversity from underrepresented countries. --- **Question 23:** **The treaty made migration among European countries more open, and many moved seeking economic opportunity.** The Schengen Treaty facilitated free movement among member countries, which enhanced migration flows within Europe for economic opportunities. --- **Question 24:** **Texas and California** Texas and California experience the greatest economic impact from having large numbers of unauthorized immigrants. Both states have large immigrant populations and economies that heavily rely on their labor. --- **Question 25:** **In regions dominated by popular culture, people’s clothing choices are often determined by occupation, while in folk cultures, clothing choices are more significantly influenced by climate.** This statement accurately describes how material culture, particularly clothing, varies between popular and folk cultures based on societal influences and local conditions. --- **Question 26:** **Dowry customs display the influence of greater materialism.** This statement reflects how traditional customs, such as dowries, are being influenced by modern materialistic values, leading to changes in these cultural practices. --- **Question 27:** **A field study examining cultural beliefs about housing in a remote village.** A field study in a remote village would provide direct insights into folk culture, which is often expressed through localized practices and traditions, making it the best source for material culture. --- **Question 28:** **A habit refers to an individual choice, while a custom relates to the choices typical of a group, so researchers rely more on information about customs than habits in studying culture.** This statement captures the distinction between habits and customs in cultural studies, emphasizing the group-oriented nature of customs compared to individual habits. --- **Question 29:** **Four-fifths of the world’s people speak a language in the Indo-European family, which has diffused to every continent.** This statement best describes the distribution of Indo-European languages, highlighting their global prevalence and diffusion. --- **Question 30:** **Diffusion of a Proto-Indo-European ancestral language.** The nomadic warrior theory seeks to explain how the Proto-Indo-European language spread through the migrations of nomadic groups, primarily explaining the distribution of Indo-European languages.

Answer

A)
Consider this scenario: Several hundred years ago, there was a large migration from Region A to Region B. After the migration, there was no interaction between the two regions. Today, there is still little interaction between these two isolated regions.

What would a researcher LIKELY find in comparing contemporary language in Region A and Region B?

(1 point)
Responses

The languages would have some similarities but would have evolved as separate languages.

The languages would have some similarities but would have evolved as separate languages.

The languages would be nearly identical to each other due to the large-scale migration from Region A.

The languages would be nearly identical to each other due to the large-scale migration from Region A.

The languages would share grammatical structures but have no shared vocabulary.

The languages would share grammatical structures but have no shared vocabulary.

The languages would share vocabulary but have no shared grammatical structures.

The languages would share vocabulary but have no shared grammatical structures.

Both regions would be using Austronesian languages as their official language.

Both regions would be using Austronesian languages as their official language.
Question 32
A)
Which of the following is an example of a language branch?

(1 point)
Responses

institutional

institutional

Cyrillic

Cyrillic

Putonghua

Putonghua

Romance

Romance

Mandarin

Mandarin
Question 33
A)
What human activity is supported by the development of lingua franca?

(1 point)
Responses

literature

literature

religion

religion

science

science

agriculture

agriculture

trade

trade
Question 34
A)
In the United States, what is the primary reason many former isoglosses have become nationally distributed?

(1 point)
Responses

migration

migration

education

education

mass media

mass media

syncretism

syncretism

Ebonics

Ebonics
Question 35
A)
What cultural feature leads to a language being classified as endangered or dying?

(1 point)
Responses

States that previously listed the language as their official language have become part of a country using a different language.

States that previously listed the language as their official language have become part of a country using a different language.

Parents who speak the language are unable or unwilling to teach it to their own children.

Parents who speak the language are unable or unwilling to teach it to their own children.

States that previously listed the language as their institutional language have ceased to exist as independent states.

States that previously listed the language as their institutional language have ceased to exist as independent states.

Researchers determine that the language’s working vocabulary is too small to justify treating it as a language.

Researchers determine that the language’s working vocabulary is too small to justify treating it as a language.

Researchers determine that the language has no literary tradition of poetry and narrative.

Researchers determine that the language has no literary tradition of poetry and narrative.
Question 36
A)
Use the figure to answer the question.

A pie chart displays the percentages of people who identify with different religions. The pie chart breaks down religious affiliation among people into eight different groups. Christianity has the most adherents and makes up 31.5 percent of the total, followed by Islam with 23.2 percent. Next is unaffiliated, with 16.3 percent of the global population. Hinduism has 15 percent of the pie, followed by Buddhism at 7.1 percent. Folk religions make up 5.9 percent of global religious affiliated, followed by other religions at 0.8 percent, and Judaism at 0.2 percent.

Examine the figure. Approximately what percentage of people identify with a religion that attempts to be global in its appeal?

(1 point)
Responses

32 percent

32 percent

55 percent

55 percent

62 percent

62 percent

77 percent

77 percent

84 percent

84 percent
Question 37
A)
Use the figure to answer the question.

Two graphs are shown. Graph A, on the left, shows Brazilian census data on race and ethnicity. Graph B, on the right, shows how Brazilians self-identify in terms of race and ethnicity. The breakdown on graph A is as follows: 47.7 percent Brancos (whites), 43.1 percent Pardos (browns), 7.6 percent Pretos (blacks), 1.1 percent Amarelos (yellows), and 0.4 percent Indigenous. The breakdown on graph B is as follows: 54.3 percent Brancos (whites), 10.4 percent Moreno (brunettes or olives), 10.4 percent Pardos (browns), 4.3 percent Pretos (blacks), 3.1 percent Negros (blacks), 2.9 percent Moreno claro (light brunettes), and 4.1 percent others combined.

Examine the figure. Graph (a) represents Brazilian census data; graph (b) represents data collected through a self-identification survey designed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.

Which of the following is a conclusion that could be drawn about ethnic distribution and patterns in Brazil based on the data in these figures?

(1 point)
Responses

When Brazilian respondents self-identify their ethnicity, they are less likely to choose the term Brancos than they are in census surveys.

When Brazilian respondents self-identify their ethnicity, they are less likely to choose the term Brancos than they are in census surveys.

When Brazilian respondents self-identify their ethnicity, they are less likely to choose the term Moreno than they are in census surveys.

When Brazilian respondents self-identify their ethnicity, they are less likely to choose the term Moreno than they are in census surveys.

When Brazilian respondents complete a census survey, they may use one of seven categories to describe their ethnicity.

When Brazilian respondents complete a census survey, they may use one of seven categories to describe their ethnicity.

When Brazilian respondents self-identify their ethnicity, they are less likely to choose the term Pardos than they are in census surveys.

When Brazilian respondents self-identify their ethnicity, they are less likely to choose the term Pardos than they are in census surveys.

When Brazilian respondents complete a census survey, they may select multiple options to describe their ethnicity.

When Brazilian respondents complete a census survey, they may select multiple options to describe their ethnicity.
Question 38
A)
Which of the following is a site of recent ethnic cleansing in Africa?

(1 point)
Responses

Sudan

Sudan

Kosovo

Kosovo

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Croatia

Croatia

Botswana

Botswana
Question 39
A)
Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding an ethnicity’s distribution in the United States?

(1 point)
Responses

African Americans are clustered in the Southeast.

African Americans are clustered in the Southeast.

Asian Americans are clustered in the West.

Asian Americans are clustered in the West.

Native Americans are clustered in the Southeast.

Native Americans are clustered in the Southeast.

Hispanic Americans are clustered in the Southwest.

Hispanic Americans are clustered in the Southwest.

Native Americans are clustered in north-central states.

Native Americans are clustered in north-central states.
Question 40
A)
Compare ethnic enclaves in the United States to instances of segregation in the United States. Which of the following statements BEST expresses a comparison between the two?

(1 point)
Responses

Ethnic enclaves develop out of voluntary chain migration, while segregation is forced legal segregation based on race.

Ethnic enclaves develop out of voluntary chain migration, while segregation is forced legal segregation based on race.

Ethnic enclaves separate ethnicities in cities, while segregation separates people in rural areas.

Ethnic enclaves separate ethnicities in cities, while segregation separates people in rural areas.

Ethnic enclaves separate people based on country of origin, while segregation separates people based on race.

Ethnic enclaves separate people based on country of origin, while segregation separates people based on race.

States where segregation was once practiced have now replaced ghettoes with ethnic enclaves.

States where segregation was once practiced have now replaced ghettoes with ethnic enclaves.

States where segregation was once practiced transitioned to ethnic enclaves before assimilating or acculturating their immigrants.

GPT-4o mini · Answer

### Answers: **Question 31:** **The languages would have some similarities but would have evolved as separate languages.** Given the isolation between Region A and Region B after the migration, the languages would likely have diverged over time, leading to distinct but related languages. --- **Question 32:** **Romance** Romance is an example of a language branch that includes languages derived from Latin, such as Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian. --- **Question 33:** **Trade** Lingua franca refers to a language that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages, often for the purposes of trade. --- **Question 34:** **Mass media** Mass media has played a significant role in the national distribution of former isoglosses in the U.S., as it promotes a standard form of language and communication that transcends regional dialects. --- **Question 35:** **Parents who speak the language are unable or unwilling to teach it to their own children.** This is a significant factor leading to a language being classified as endangered or dying, as the transmission of language from one generation to the next is crucial for its survival. --- **Question 36:** **84 percent** The religions identified (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and folk religions) are typically considered to have global aspirations, which would account for a significant percentage of those identifying with a global religion. --- **Question 37:** **When Brazilian respondents self-identify their ethnicity, they are less likely to choose the term Brancos than they are in census surveys.** This conclusion can be drawn based on the differences seen in the percentages between the census data and self-identification, indicating that people may not identify as "Brancos" in the same way in a self-identification survey. --- **Question 38:** **Sudan** Sudan is known for the recent ethnic cleansing that occurred, particularly in the Darfur region, making it a notable example of ethnic cleansing in Africa. --- **Question 39:** **Native Americans are clustered in the Southeast.** This statement is NOT accurate; Native Americans are more prominently clustered in regions such as the Southwest and the North-Central states, rather than being primarily in the Southeast. --- **Question 40:** **Ethnic enclaves develop out of voluntary chain migration, while segregation is forced legal segregation based on race.** This statement best expresses the distinction between ethnic enclaves and segregation, highlighting the voluntary nature of enclaves as opposed to the forced nature of segregation.

Answer

A)
Which of the following accurately describes the challenges faced by Kurds in Turkey and in Iraq?

(1 point)
Responses

The Kurds had U.S. support in Iraq to help them establish an independent state, but Kurds did not have this support in Turkey.

The Kurds had U.S. support in Iraq to help them establish an independent state, but Kurds did not have this support in Turkey.

The Kurds are self-governing in Iraq, but their cultural expressions are completely forbidden in Turkey.

The Kurds are self-governing in Iraq, but their cultural expressions are completely forbidden in Turkey.

The Kurds are a violently persecuted minority in Iraq, but Kurds have religious and cultural freedoms in Turkey.

The Kurds are a violently persecuted minority in Iraq, but Kurds have religious and cultural freedoms in Turkey.

Turkey and Iraq have agreed to establish an independent Kurdistan by 2025 if Iran, Armenia, and Syria will agree to its boundaries.

Turkey and Iraq have agreed to establish an independent Kurdistan by 2025 if Iran, Armenia, and Syria will agree to its boundaries.

The Kurds have some autonomy in the northern part of Iraq, but in Turkey even the use of the Kurdish language remains restricted.

The Kurds have some autonomy in the northern part of Iraq, but in Turkey even the use of the Kurdish language remains restricted.
Question 42
A)
Which of the following describes a regime type that is common in West, Central, and East Asia?

(1 point)
Responses

full democracy

full democracy

autocracy

autocracy

unitary state

unitary state

federal state

federal state

failed state

failed state
Question 43
A)
Which of the following BEST describes the nature of Russia’s conflict with Ukraine?

(1 point)
Responses

Russia and Ukraine disagree about whether Belarus should be allowed to become part of Russia.

Russia and Ukraine disagree about whether Belarus should be allowed to become part of Russia.

Russia and Ukraine disagree about how to interpret the Laws of the Sea to Russia’s Caspian Sea border.

Russia and Ukraine disagree about how to interpret the Laws of the Sea to Russia’s Caspian Sea border.

Ukraine asserts that Moldova should be part of Russia instead of being an independent state.

Ukraine asserts that Moldova should be part of Russia instead of being an independent state.

Ukraine wants to annex a portion of Lithuania despite Russia’s objections to this annexation plan.

Ukraine wants to annex a portion of Lithuania despite Russia’s objections to this annexation plan.

Russia occupies the Ukrainian territory of Crimea, where Russia claims to be protecting ethnic Russians.

Russia occupies the Ukrainian territory of Crimea, where Russia claims to be protecting ethnic Russians.
Question 44
A)
Brexit represents a challenge to the European Union because this type of alliance organization focuses on

(1 point)
Responses

securing borders.

securing borders.

economic cooperation.

economic cooperation.

religious freedom.

religious freedom.

scientific advancement.

scientific advancement.

zero population growth.

zero population growth.
Question 45
A)
Which key feature distinguishes multinational and multiethnic states?

(1 point)
Responses

Multinational states include the presence of free elections and democractic principles, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include the presence of free elections and democractic principles, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include the use of an official language, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include the use of an official language, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include territories that were once independent states, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include territories that were once independent states, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include the presence of various ethnicities with traditions or histories of self-government, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include the presence of various ethnicities with traditions or histories of self-government, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include territories that were once colonies, while multiethnic states do not.

Multinational states include territories that were once colonies, while multiethnic states do not.
Question 46
A)
How is the legacy of colonialism in North Africa represented in a continuing boundary dispute between Chad and Libya?

(1 point)
Responses

conflict over the Aouzou Strip

conflict over the Aouzou Strip

conflict over the Gaza Strip

conflict over the Gaza Strip

conflict in the Atacama Desert

conflict in the Atacama Desert

conflict regarding the boundary of Lake Victoria

conflict regarding the boundary of Lake Victoria

conflict regarding Chad’s status as a perforated state

conflict regarding Chad’s status as a perforated state
Question 47
A)
One form of gerrymandering score calculates the ratio of the area of districts to the area of a circle with the same perimeter. What is assessed by this method?

(1 point)
Responses

the proportionality of districts

the proportionality of districts

the compactness of districts

the compactness of districts

the balance of districts

the balance of districts

the number of wasted votes

the number of wasted votes

the efficiency gap

the efficiency gap
Question 48
A)
Which of the following state shapes presents the greatest challenges to communication?

(1 point)
Responses

fragmented

fragmented

perforated

perforated

compact

compact

landlocked

landlocked

prorupted

prorupted
Question 49
A)
Which of the following is NOT an example of the way in which the Islamic State uses technology?

(1 point)
Responses

It recruits new members using posts on social media channels.

It recruits new members using posts on social media channels.

It posts videos of terroristic activities such as torture and killing.

It posts videos of terroristic activities such as torture and killing.

It creates an online narrative to appeal to heroic ambitions held by vulnerable individuals.

It creates an online narrative to appeal to heroic ambitions held by vulnerable individuals.

It uses electronic communication to conceal its operations from authorities.

It uses electronic communication to conceal its operations from authorities.

It brings technological improvements to citizens as a way to improve villages.

It brings technological improvements to citizens as a way to improve villages.
Question 50
A)
Use the map to answer the question.

A map of Africa, the Middle East, Europe, Southwest Asia, and Southeast Asia shows the disribution of different branches of Islam. There are nine different branches of Islam shown, grouped into three categories: Sunni, Shiite, and Ibadi (which is neither Sunni nor Shiite). Sunni Muslims are primarily found on the east, west, and south of this map, while Shiites are primarily found near the center (clustered mainly around the nations of Iran, Turkey, and India). Ibadi Muslims are primarily found in Oman.

Examine the figure. Which of the following accurately describes the geographic distribution of branches of Islam?

(1 point)
Responses

African Muslims are primarily Sunni Muslims.

African Muslims are primarily Sunni Muslims.

Shiite Muslims are primarily in Indonesia.

Shiite Muslims are primarily in Indonesia.

Ibadi Muslims occupy a larger geographic area than Sunni Muslims.

Ibadi Muslims occupy a larger geographic area than Sunni Muslims.

Sunni Muslims occupy a smaller geographic area than Shiite Muslims.

Sunni Muslims occupy a smaller geographic area than Shiite Muslims.

Ibadi Islams are found primarily in Africa.

GPT-4o mini · Answer

### Answers: **Question 41:** **The Kurds have some autonomy in the northern part of Iraq, but in Turkey even the use of the Kurdish language remains restricted.** This statement accurately reflects the varying degrees of autonomy and cultural expression for Kurds in Iraq versus their restrictions in Turkey. --- **Question 42:** **Autocracy** Autocracy is a regime type that is common in West, Central, and East Asia, where power often resides with a single authority or ruling class. --- **Question 43:** **Russia occupies the Ukrainian territory of Crimea, where Russia claims to be protecting ethnic Russians.** This accurately describes the situation, with Russia's occupation of Crimea being a significant aspect of the conflict with Ukraine. --- **Question 44:** **Economic cooperation.** Brexit challenged the EU as the organization strongly emphasizes economic cooperation among member states. --- **Question 45:** **Multinational states include the presence of various ethnicities with traditions or histories of self-government, while multiethnic states do not.** This distinction highlights the historical context of multinational states compared to multiethnic states without such backgrounds. --- **Question 46:** **Conflict over the Aouzou Strip** This territorial dispute between Chad and Libya is rooted in colonial boundaries and the legacy of colonialism in North Africa. --- **Question 47:** **The compactness of districts** This form of gerrymandering score assesses the compactness of electoral districts, with districts ideally being more circular rather than elongated or oddly shaped. --- **Question 48:** **Fragmented** Fragmented state shapes present the greatest challenges to communication, as they consist of multiple separated pieces rather than a single geographical entity. --- **Question 49:** **It brings technological improvements to citizens as a way to improve villages.** This statement does NOT describe how the Islamic State uses technology; instead, it focuses more on terroristic activities and propaganda. --- **Question 50:** **African Muslims are primarily Sunni Muslims.** This statement accurately describes the geographic distribution of Islam, with a predominance of Sunni Muslims in Africa.