Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)

Question

(01.03 MC)

The human GM-CSF gene and the mouse GM-CSF gene vary by more than 60% in their DNA sequence. However, when scientists place the human gene into mice, it properly functions. What best explains why this happens?

Differences in the gene sequence does not change the structure of the proteins.
The resulting proteins made by the human gene are similar to the proteins made by the mouse gene.
The mouse DNA is a mutated form of the human GM-CSF gene.
Mice can make human protein without the use of the human GM-CSF gene.
Question 11(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 MC)

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the shape of enzymes and the reactions they catalyze?

The shape of an enzyme depends on the reaction that it needs to catalyze.
Enzymes with more active sites can catalyze several reactions at once.
The shape of an enzyme determines which reaction it can catalyze.
Enzymes change shape after they catalyze a reaction and become waste products.
Question 12(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 MC)

Lipids are unique in their structure and function. Which of the following is a characteristic of a type of lipid?

It retains and transmits important biological information.
Energy production, enzyme development, increased reaction speed.
Hydrophobic and does not dissolve well in water
Regulation of metabolism and muscle movement
Question 13(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 MC)

Cameron is collecting data to determine the time of completion for each stage of germination in seeds. He is using bean seeds for his investigation and recording his results. He repeats his data collection many times to obtain reliable results. Which aspect of his experimental process is most important for obtaining reliable results?

Collecting enough varieties of bean seeds
Talking to other scientists during the experiment
Taking observations at precise intervals
Using a variety of microscopes for exact measurements
Question 14(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 LC)

Insulin and enzymes are examples of which macromolecule?

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Question 15(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.03 MC)

Which of the following was most likely responsible for the fact that organic molecules no longer form spontaneously on Earth?

The amount of UV radiation increased.
The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increased.
Water accumulated in the oceans.
Earth's surface temperature warmed.
Question 16(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 HC)

Jamie is reviewing a new diet plan that involves purchasing pre-packaged meals and taking a patented energy supplement. In an ad explaining how it works, Jamie reads about a study cited as evidence, supporting the effectiveness of the plan. In the study, two groups were followed: one following the plan and another following a simple low-carbohydrate diet. What should Jamie look for in the study to have full confidence in its scientific reliability?

A list of similarities between the two diets in the study
A comparison of the plan to a variety of diets
Details on the number of studies conducted and the results of each trial
Testimony from a wide range of users
Question 17(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 MC)

Farmers want to release a non-native insect in the fields that feeds on weeds. Before they do this, they consult a team of scientists and ask them to conduct a study that will determine the insects' effects on the farm land. What can you infer about why farmers need the information from this study?

Farmers do not know much about insects; they would need to consult a team of scientists to answer questions, such as where to get the insects, how to release them, and how to maintain control of the insect population after release.
It is important to do this study, so that farmers will understand all the positive and possible negative results of releasing this new insect into the area so that they can make a decision on whether or not the benefits are worth the risks.
It is illegal to release new insects into an area. The farmers understand that if the study is conducted and the insects cause unexpected problems, the scientists would be held responsible for any resulting fines or fees.
The scientists will be able to tell the farmers if the insects will eat the weeds. Before the farmers spend the money on this project, they want to be assured the results will meet their expectations.
Question 18(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 LC)

The study of biology is correctly defined as

finding scientific solutions to human problems
studying the creatures of land and sea
learning about the interactions and functions of living organisms
studying the health of living creatures
Question 19(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 MC)

If a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme is being carried out and there is a sudden, drastic decrease in temperature, what is most likely to happen next?

Enzyme activity will decrease, and the reaction will proceed very slowly, or possibly not at all.
Less heat will be lost to the environment, and the reaction will take place more efficiently.
The reaction will proceed more quickly since the activation energy is decreased.
The reaction rate will decrease and eventually return to normal as the enzyme adapts to the temperature change.
Question 20(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 MC)

The most basic concepts of cell theory are that cells are the basic units of life and that all living things are made of cells. Which answer correctly explains why these concepts are the basis of a theory and not a hypothesis?

Cell theory explains how cells function rather than predicting how they function.
Cell theory does not change and as a result can be accepted as fact.
Cell theory is a prediction based on observation and not a fully accepted idea.
Cell theory remains largely untested rather than being subject to testing.
Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 MC)

Claims about new scientific breakthroughs often appear in the media. If such a claim is made in each of the following, which media source should be considered most reliable?

Peer-reviewed journals
Popular magazines
Internet websites
Newspaper advertisements
Question 22(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 MC)

Which of the following structures represents a lipid?

A monomer made up of a nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group bonded together.
A monomer with an amino group, carboxylic acid, hydrogen atom, and R group bonded to a central carbon atom.
A monomer with the formula C6H12O6. Five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom form a hexagonal ring, with the other atoms bonded to that ring.
A molecule made up of four carbon rings with other atoms bonded to those rings.
Question 23(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.03 MC)

It is hypothesized that RNA may have evolved before DNA because RNA molecules

were the first molecules synthesized by Miller and Urey
are more important to genetic inheritance than DNA
can catalyze a variety of biologically important reactions
are found in more modern cells than are DNA molecules
Question 24(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 HC)

In 1907, Dr. Duncan MacDougall performed a series of experiments in which he attempted to measure the weight of the soul as it left a dying person. In his experiments, MacDougall placed a dying person on a scale and measured their weight immediately prior to and following death. MacDougall determined the change in weight to be approximately 21 grams. From these experiments, he concluded that the soul exists and has mass. What is the fundamental scientific flaw in his conclusions?

They are based on the concept of the soul, which is beyond the bounds of science.
They are based on the idea that the soul is made of matter, not energy.
They are based on the assumption that the soul remains in the body after death.
They are based on the concept that the soul can be measured using data.
Question 25(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 MC)

Eduardo is narrowing the focus of his science fair project and compiling a list of research questions his project can answer. Which of the following questions can be answered scientifically?

Which brand of sugar-free popsicle melts the fastest?
Which brand of MP3 player sounds the best?
Which brand of bandage hurts more to remove?
Which brand of orange soda do people prefer?

Answer 1

Here are the answers to the multiple-choice questions you've provided:

Question 10:
Answer: The resulting proteins made by the human gene are similar to the proteins made by the mouse gene.

Question 11:
Answer: The shape of an enzyme determines which reaction it can catalyze.

Question 12:
Answer: Hydrophobic and does not dissolve well in water.

Question 13:
Answer: Taking observations at precise intervals.

Question 14:
Answer: Proteins.

Question 15:
Answer: The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increased.

Question 16:
Answer: A comparison of the plan to a variety of diets.

Question 17:
Answer: It is important to do this study, so that farmers will understand all the positive and possible negative results of releasing this new insect into the area so that they can make a decision on whether or not the benefits are worth the risks.

Question 18:
Answer: Learning about the interactions and functions of living organisms.

Question 19:
Answer: Enzyme activity will decrease, and the reaction will proceed very slowly, or possibly not at all.

Question 20:
Answer: Cell theory does not change and as a result can be accepted as fact.

Question 21:
Answer: Peer-reviewed journals.

Question 22:
Answer: A molecule made up of four carbon rings with other atoms bonded to those rings.

Question 23:
Answer: can catalyze a variety of biologically important reactions.

Question 24:
Answer: They are based on the concept of the soul, which is beyond the bounds of science.

Question 25:
Answer: Which brand of sugar-free popsicle melts the fastest?

Feel free to ask if you have further questions or need additional assistance!