Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Question

(MC)The diagram below shows the sources of conflict between the Sioux Indians and the federal government that led to the Wounded Knee Massacre:

Diagram with an oval at the center and four circles stemming from the central oval. The text in the rectangle reads sources of conflict between Sioux and federal government. The text in the ovals reads as follows near-extinction of the buffalo, increase in the number of settlers, question mark, and spread of the Ghost Dance.

Which phrase best completes the diagram?

Violations of treaties with the Sioux
Sioux attacks on farms
Sioux alliance with hostile tribes
Discovery of gold by the Sioux
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(LC)Which of the following contributed to the Sand Creek Massacre?

the overhunting of the buffalo
the discovery of gold in Colorado
the sale of British territory to the United States
the construction of a railroad through an Indian reservation
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(LC)How did the boarding schools set up by the federal government in the late 1800s attempt to promote assimilation of Native Americans?

by preparing students to attend college
by training students to become factory workers
by preventing students from learning English
by discouraging students from practicing their tribal beliefs
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)In what way did President Grant's approach to Reconstruction differ from that of President Johnson?

He expanded the power of the Freedmen's Bureau.
He jailed Confederate leaders who had been pardoned.
He used the military to protect African Americans from violence.
He blocked Southern states from gaining readmission to the Union.
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)Which of these events most directly resulted in expanded protections for the civil rights of African Americans in the South?

the election of Ulysses S. Grant in 1868
the passage of the Wade-Davis Bill in 1864
the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in 1868
the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)What action by Andrew Johnson most angered the Radical Republicans in Congress?

His pocket veto of the Wade-Davis Bill
His veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
His support of Edwin Stanton as Secretary of War
His refusal to accept the Emancipation Proclamation
Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)The passage below is an excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment.

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Which statement explains why this amendment was adopted?

to extend voting rights to emancipated slaves
to protect the civil rights of African Americans
to prevent states from seceding from the Union
to guarantee states' rights to make their own laws
Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)Which statement explains why the Fifteenth Amendment was proposed by the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction?

to give Congress power to pass civil rights legislation
to give emancipated slaves greater economic opportunities
to prevent Southern states from re-establishing a system of slavery
to ensure that African Americans would have a voice in the government
Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(LC)Which action increased the tensions between the North and the South that led to the Civil War?

the Dred Scott decision
the election of Ulysses S. Grant
the formation of the Whig Party
the impeachment of President Johnson
Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(LC)What was a result of the Anaconda Plan?

The admission of Texas as a slave state
The passage of the Missouri Compromise
The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation
The shortage of food and weapons in the Confederacy
Question 11(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)What was the most direct consequence of the passage of the Black Codes after the Civil War?

the return to power of white Democrats
a populist uprising against plantation owners
the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment
a shortage of agricultural workers in the South
Question 12(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)What was the main effect of the Jim Crow system?

It undermined the civil rights that African Americans had gained during Reconstruction.
It prevented African Americans from returning to the land they had worked under slavery.
It increased the number of African Americans serving in Southern legislatures
It drove large numbers of African Americans to migrate to new colonies that had been set up in Africa.
Question 13(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)Leaders of the Southern states that seceded from the Union were most concerned about which of these problems?

the loss of states' rights to control their own laws
the power of the abolition movement to influence Southern landholders
the use of tax money to purchase large new territories in the West
the unwillingness of army leaders to remove Native Americans from the Southeast
Question 14(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)Which action by President Andrew Johnson had the greatest impact on Reconstruction?

his veto of the Reconstruction Acts
his firing of Secretary of War Stanton
his grant of amnesty to former Confederate soldiers
his campaign for Democrats during the elections of 1866
Question 15(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)Which of these people or groups wanted to impose the most forgiving conditions on the defeated Confederate states?

Union Army generals
the Freedmen's Bureau
President Andrew Johnson
Republican Congressional leaders
Question 16(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)What was the main impact of the Ku Klux Klan on the South during Reconstruction?

It prevented Northerners from moving to the South.
It kept African Americans from exercising their rights.
It helped elect Republican candidates to Southern legislatures.
It made it difficult for the Union Army to police Southern communities.
Question 17(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)What was the main effect of the grandfather clauses and literacy tests put in place in the South at the end of the 19th century?

African American voters were disenfranchised.
The Republican Party maintained its dominance.
Emancipated slaves were forced to work on plantations.
Poor people were excluded from the political system.
Question 18(Multiple Choice Worth 6 points)
(HC)The quote below was made in an 1867 address to Congress by Thaddeus Stevens, a Republican leader and member of the U.S. House of Representatives:

Have not loyal blacks quite as good a right to choose rulers and make laws as rebel whites? . . . every man, no matter what his race or color . . . has an equal right to justice, honesty, and fair play with every other man; and the law should secure him those rights.



Based on Stevens' perspective in the quote, with which of the following statements would he be likely to agree?

The Reconstruction Amendments are unconstitutional and should be abolished.
The Fifteenth Amendment should be extended to guarantee voting rights for women.
The clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees citizens equal protection should be revised.
The Reconstruction Amendments are essential to reuniting the country and rebuilding the South.
Question 19(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)This passage is from the court's majority in the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896:

We consider the underlying [error] of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority. If this be so, it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it.

Based on this passage, what was the court's opinion about segregation in the United States?

It was permitted as long as both races agreed that facilities were of equal quality.
It was allowed as long as the facilities provided to both races were equal.
It was illegal because it stripped black citizens of their natural rights.
It was damaging because it labeled the black race as inferior.
Question 20(Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)
Which statement BEST describes the Civil War and Reconstruction era?

It solved many of the nation's issues.
It changed the social landscape of the nation.
It fractured the federal system of government.
It resulted in a stronger and more unified country.
Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(MC)This diagram shows the cycle that most sharecroppers went through during the Nadir.

Image of a diagram showing a cycle. There is a circle at the top of the diagram with text in it. Coming from the top circle are arrows that pass through all the circles in the diagram. After the final circle, there is an arrow pointing toward the first circle to indicate that the events shown in the diagram make up a cycle. The following text appears in each circle. Circle 1, Sharecropper is given land and seed and promises to give landowner half of the crop. Circle 2, Sharecropper buys essential items, such as food and clothing, on credit. Circle 3, Sharecropper plants and harvests crops. Circle 4, Sharecropper gives crop to landowner to sell. Circle 5, Sharecropper receives small share of earnings but uses money to pay off credit debt. Often the sharecropper does not have enough to pay off entire debt. Circle 6, question mark.

Which of the following best completes the diagram?

Sharecropper buys his own farm so that he can earn enough money to pay the debt.
Sharecropper must plant more crops next year to help earn enough to pay off the debt.
Sharecropper must give back the items that he previously bought on credit to satisfy the debt.
Sharecropper moves to another region to set up a new sharecropping plan with another farmer.
Question 22(Multiple Choice Worth 6 points)
(HC)The map below shows migration routes followed by African Americans after the Civil War.

Map image showing the Great Migration of African Americans from 1900 to 1929. The map shows several distinct patterns of movement. One path moves from the southern states of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia to the north along the East Coast. A second path moves from the southern states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee to the northern states of Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. A third path moves from the southern states of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas to the north and to the west.
© 2011 The Exploration Company

Which of the following is the best explanation for the migration patterns shown on the map?

Agricultural workers moved to areas of the country that had not been devastated by the Civil War.
African Americans moved to the North to rejoin family members who had escaped from slavery before the Civil War.
The federal government offered free land to emancipated slaves who left the plantations where they had been enslaved.
Emancipated slaves left the South to escape racial discrimination and to seek economic opportunities in the North and West.

Answer 1

Here are the answers to the questions based on the historical context provided:

Question 1: Violations of treaties with the Sioux

Question 2: the discovery of gold in Colorado

Question 3: by discouraging students from practicing their tribal beliefs

Question 4: He used the military to protect African Americans from violence.

Question 5: the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870

Question 6: His veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 7: to protect the civil rights of African Americans

Question 8: to ensure that African Americans would have a voice in the government

Question 9: the Dred Scott decision

Question 10: The shortage of food and weapons in the Confederacy

Question 11: the return to power of white Democrats

Question 12: It undermined the civil rights that African Americans had gained during Reconstruction.

Question 13: the loss of states' rights to control their own laws

Question 14: his veto of the Reconstruction Acts

Question 15: President Andrew Johnson

Question 16: It kept African Americans from exercising their rights.

Question 17: African American voters were disenfranchised.

Question 18: The Reconstruction Amendments are essential to reuniting the country and rebuilding the South.

Question 19: It was allowed as long as the facilities provided to both races were equal.

Question 20: It changed the social landscape of the nation.

Question 21: Sharecropper must plant more crops next year to help earn enough to pay off the debt.

Question 22: Emancipated slaves left the South to escape racial discrimination and to seek economic opportunities in the North and West.

These answers reflect the events and conditions surrounding the Civil War and Reconstruction, as well as the subsequent social and economic changes in America.