Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)

Question

(03.04 MC)

A chromosome that is exposed to a mutagen breaks into two pieces. A portion off one of the ends is removed before the two pieces rejoin. What type of mutation occurred?

Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Nondisjunction
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.04 MC)

Cystic fibrosis Is a recessive disease that causes damage to the digestive system, lungs, and other organs of the body. Cystic fibrosis is the result of deletion mutations that are inherited from both parents. Which of the sample chromosomes shows an example of a deletion mutation?

Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled RSTUUV-XYZ.
Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled STUV-XY.
Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled RUTSV-XYZ.
Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled KLRSTUV-XYZ.
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.04 MC)

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that is also called trisomy 21. A person with Down Syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21. Which best describes the genetic mutation that results in Down syndrome.

Nondisjunction during meiosis, resulting in uneven distribution of chromosomes
Complete duplication of chromosomes during polyploidy
Translocation during genetic replication, creating nonhomologous chromosomes
Crossing over during meiosis, leading to an exchange of genetic information
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.04 LC)

Which type of mutation happens when a part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome?

Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.04 MC)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is a neurological disorder that affects the nerves of the outermost muscles of the arms and legs. People with the disorder experience weakness and wasting (atrophy) of the muscles. CMT1A is caused by a duplication mutation. Which of the sample chromosomes shows an example of a duplication mutation?

Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled STUV-XY.
Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled STUV-XY.
Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled STUV-XY.
Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled STUV-XY.
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(03.04 MC)

Which of the following statements best compares genetic diversity in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes can transfer DNA using conjugation and fertilization.
Eukaryotic species experience a greater rate of mutations within their populations.
Mutations increase the genetic diversity in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sexually reproducing eukaryotes evolve faster than species that asexually reproduce.

Answer 1

Here are the answers to your questions:

Question 1:
Answer: Deletion
Explanation: When a chromosome breaks and a portion is removed before the pieces rejoin, this results in a deletion mutation.

Question 2:
Answer: Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled STUV-XY.
Explanation: This shows a deletion mutation as part of the original sequence has been removed (the 'R' and 'T').

Question 3:
Answer: Nondisjunction during meiosis, resulting in uneven distribution of chromosomes
Explanation: Down syndrome occurs due to the presence of an extra chromosome 21, which is a result of nondisjunction during meiosis.

Question 4:
Answer: Translocation
Explanation: Translocation occurs when a part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

Question 5:
Answer: Image displaying part of a chromosome that undergoes a mutation. The genes that make up the original chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ. The genes that make up the mutated chromosome are labeled RSTUV-XYZ, with some part duplicated (though it appears the answer choices are repeated, check for the correct representation of duplication).
Explanation: A duplication mutation results in one or more copies of a particular gene or region of a chromosome.

Question 6:
Answer: Mutations increase the genetic diversity in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Explanation: Mutations are a primary source of genetic diversity in both types of organisms, albeit the mechanisms of reproduction and variation differ.

Make sure to confirm the specifics of the answer options where images are involved, as there may be additional context or factors that can influence which choice is correct.