Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)

Question

Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.03 MC)

Which of the following correctly compares the structures of plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a large central vacuole where enzymes, nutrients, and waste are stored.
 Both plant and animal cells have ribosomes which synthesize proteins for the cell.
 Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus where cellular respiration takes place.
 Both plant and animal cells have cell walls which transport substances into and out of the cell.
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.06 MC)

What affect would a damaged thylakoid membrane have on photosynthesis?

The damage would affect the flow of electrons through the mitochondria.
 A damaged thylakoid would affect ATP synthesis.
 The damage to the thylakoid would affect the absorption of oxygen.
 The sodium-potassium pump would be affected by a damaged thylakoid.
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.01 MC)

Why does ice stay at the top of oceans instead of sinking to the bottom?

Ice is colder than liquid water.
 Ice is warmer than liquid water.
 Ice is more dense than liquid water.
 Ice is less dense than liquid water.
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.06 LC)

Which of the following is a reactant of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide
 Nitrogen
 Water
 Glucose
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.05 MC)

A swimmer sprints a short distance for a competition. The swimmer is not able to take in enough oxygen to make the ATP needed for the sprint. Which of the following processes is most likely going to occur in the swimmer's muscle cells during the competition?

Aerobic respiration would continue until oxygen is no longer available, leading to cell death.
 Aerobic respiration will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required.
 Anaerobic respiration would be used to produce small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
 Anaerobic respiration will produce more ATP than the process used in the presence of oxygen.
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.04 HC)

Prior to the invention of refrigeration, meat was often preserved by soaking it in brine (a solution of water with a high concentration of salt) to kill any microorganisms that might have tried to use the meat as their own food source. Which of the following best explains how a brine solution could be lethal to those microorganisms?

Water would move into the cells of the microorganisms by osmosis, causing them to swell and burst.
 The salt would move into the cells of the microorganisms by facilitated diffusion, causing the membrane to become rigid and less permeable.
 The salt would be pulled from the cells of the microorganisms by active transport, removing necessary nutrients and destroying the cells.
 Water would move out of the cells of the microorganisms by osmosis and the cytoplasm would become dehydrated, killing the cells.
Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.06 MC)

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to make ATP; the primary function of respiration is to break down ATP to release energy.
 Photosynthesis only occurs in heterotrophs, while cellular respiration only occurs in autotrophs.
 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in separate, specialized organelles, and the two processes cannot occur in the same cell at the same time.
 Photosynthesis uses solar energy to create organic molecules; cellular respiration breaks down organic molecules to make ATP.
Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.02 MC)

Which of the following best explains how a scanning electron microscope is used to produce an image of a specimen?

An electron beam strikes the specimen, is absorbed by the specimen, and is used to produce an electrically charged image on a screen.
 An electron beam passes over the specimen's surface and displaces electrons, which are then focused on a screen to form an image.
 An electron beam traces an outline of the specimen onto a screen, and reflected electrons are collected to form the rest of the image.
 An electron beam travels through the specimen, and as it does so it burns an image of the specimen on a screen.
Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.03 HC)

Studies have shown that some medications can damage mitochondria. Which of the following would you predict to be the most likely long-term effect on an organism with damaged mitochondria?

The organism would suffer as its cells would be less able to provide the energy needed to carry out life functions.
 Proteins would not be modified after being synthesized, and the organism would be unable to grow.
 Substances would not be able to enter or leave the cells of the organism, and affected cells would eventually burst.
 Errors would be made during DNA replication, and the organism would be more likely to develop cancer.
Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.02 MC)

Which of the following is true for a eukaryote?

It is one of the first life forms to appear on Earth.
 It does not have a nucleus and organelles.
 It must be a unicellular organism.
 It evolved from prokaryotes and has a nucleus.
Question 11(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.02 LC)

Which of the following is true of modern cell theory?

As technology improves, so will our understanding of cells.
 Multi-celled organisms are the focus of most modern discoveries.
 Early cell theory has turned out to be incorrect.
 Scientists have learned all they can about cells at this point.
Question 12(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.04 MC)

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure of the cell membrane and its function?

The cell membrane easily folds upon itself, facilitating cellular reproduction by mitosis.
 The membrane is rigid and inflexible, preventing the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
 The outer layer of the membrane is hydrophilic, allowing water to flow in and out of the cell easily to eliminate waste.
 The proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane act as channels to transport substances in and out of the cell.
Question 13(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.05 HC)

Runners only have enough stored ATP in their muscle cells to run for about five seconds. Which answer correctly explains how the runner's body adjusts to the longer distance, for example, a marathon (42.1 km)?

The runner's body will convert stored fat molecules into energy.
 The runner's body will create the needed energy by breaking down proteins.
 The runner's body will supply the needed energy by producing starch.
 The runner's body will produce the energy by activating the Golgi apparatus.
Question 14(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.03 MC)

When plants wilt, their soft stems and leaves begin to droop. What is going on inside the plants' cells that causes plants to droop like this?

The cell membranes begin to come apart when there is insufficient water around the cells.
 The cytoplasm of the cells becomes more concentrated, which slowly poisons the cells.
 The cell walls become brittle as they dry out, and some of them collapse.
 The central vacuoles in the cells lose water and can no longer help support the cells.
Question 15(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.04 MC)

The diagram below shows a beaker with two compartments separated by a semipermeable membrane.

A beaker is shown with two compartments separated by a vertical structure labeled Membrane. The left side compartment is labeled X and the right side compartment is labeled Y. The solution inside both compartments is labeled 20 percent salt solution.

The membrane does not allow salt particles to pass through.

What will most likely be observed in the beaker?

Water level will rise in compartment X.
 Water level will rise in compartment Y.
 Water level remains same as water cannot pass through.
 Water level remains same as there is no difference in the concentration gradient.
Question 16(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.06 MC)

What evidence best supports the conversion during photosynthesis?

Light energy is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis.
 Oxygen is made from the breakdown of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
 Energy is absorbed by chlorophyll during photosynthesis.
 The sun gives off light energy that is absorbed by plants.
Question 17(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.03 MC)

What is the function of the lysosome in eukaryotic cells?

The lysosome uses messenger RNA to synthesize proteins.
 The lysosome secretes enzymes to break down large molecules.
 The lysosome modifies proteins and sends them to where they are needed.
 The lysosome takes in nutrients and breaks them down to provide energy for the cell.
Question 18(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.02 MC)

Which type of microscope requires a nonmetal sample to be prepared for viewing by coating it with a thin layer of a conductive material?

Compound light microscope
 Scanning electron microscope
 Transmission electron microscope
 Dissecting microscope
Question 19(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.02 MC)

Like all valid scientific theories, modern cell theory

dismisses the theoretical developments of other scientists
 is complete and final as compared to earlier versions
 builds on the work of earlier scientists
 relies on the development of modeling techniques to progress
Question 20(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(02.04 MC)

How are the proteins used for active transport different from those used for facilitated diffusion?

The proteins for facilitated diffusion must attach to a carbohydrate to work.
 The proteins used in facilitated diffusion create larger openings in the cell membrane.
 The proteins involved in active transport must be powered by ATP to work.
 The proteins that carry out active transport move only the largest molecules.

GPT-4o mini · Answer

Here are the answers to the questions provided:

Question 1
Correct Answer: Both plant and animal cells have ribosomes which synthesize proteins for the cell.

Question 2
Correct Answer: A damaged thylakoid would affect ATP synthesis.

Question 3
Correct Answer: Ice is less dense than liquid water.

Question 4
Correct Answer: Glucose

Question 5
Correct Answer: Anaerobic respiration would be used to produce small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Question 6
Correct Answer: Water would move out of the cells of the microorganisms by osmosis and the cytoplasm would become dehydrated, killing the cells.

Question 7
Correct Answer: Photosynthesis uses solar energy to create organic molecules; cellular respiration breaks down organic molecules to make ATP.

Question 8
Correct Answer: An electron beam passes over the specimen's surface and displaces electrons, which are then focused on a screen to form an image.

Question 9
Correct Answer: The organism would suffer as its cells would be less able to provide the energy needed to carry out life functions.

Question 10
Correct Answer: It evolved from prokaryotes and has a nucleus.

Question 11
Correct Answer: As technology improves, so will our understanding of cells.

Question 12
Correct Answer: The proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane act as channels to transport substances in and out of the cell.

Question 13
Correct Answer: The runner's body will convert stored fat molecules into energy.

Question 14
Correct Answer: The central vacuoles in the cells lose water and can no longer help support the cells.

Question 15
Correct Answer: Water level will rise in compartment Y.

Question 16
Correct Answer: Light energy is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Question 17
Correct Answer: The lysosome secretes enzymes to break down large molecules.

Question 18
Correct Answer: Scanning electron microscope

Question 19
Correct Answer: builds on the work of earlier scientists

Question 20
Correct Answer: The proteins involved in active transport must be powered by ATP to work.

Feel free to reach out if you need further explanation for any specific answers!