Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)

Question

(01.01 MC)

Which statement best describes a characteristic of a scientific theory?

Supported by mathematics to explain a principle of nature
A readily demonstrable fact that cannot be disproven
An educated guess that has not been tested consistently
Supported by a substantial body of evidence observed in nature
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 MC)

A scientific study by a pesticide company claims that a new pesticide for spraying tomatoes is both highly effective and safe. The company claims that while pests are killed, the product is entirely safe to humans. At this point, what can a consumer know for certain about the validity of the company's claims?

No pesticide is safe for human consumption, so the claims are not reliable.
Additional studies will be the reliability check for the claims.
Since the company performed the scientific study it is reliable.
The company is not biased because the primary goal of companies is safety.
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 MC)

Although scientific theories are based on strong evidence, they can change over time. Which of the following correctly explains why scientific theories change?

New theories require changes to the scientific process, so the theory changes as a result.
Scientists are often incorrect in their initial hypotheses, so the theory changes.
Scientists argue, re-examine, and consider new explanations to new data.
Theories are hypotheses that have gained support and change as the hypothesis changes.
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 MC)

An enzyme inhibitor works with the enzyme in a chemical reaction. Which statement best describes how an enzyme inhibitor and an enzyme work in a catalyzed reaction?

The enzyme inhibitor catalyzes the reverse reaction, which counteracts the work of the enzyme.
The enzyme inhibitor attacks and destroys the enzyme, which prevents the enzyme from helping in the reaction.
The enzyme inhibitor binds to the products of the reaction, which makes the work of the enzyme unproductive.
The enzyme inhibitor fits into the enzyme's active site, which prevents the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction.
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 MC)

Why is the sequence of amino acids important to the properties of a protein?

It provides structural support; the structure determines the function.
It retains and transmits important biological information.
It stores energy and provides covering to avoid water loss.
It stores energy and provides structural support for cells.
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.01 HC)

After researching the possible effects of music, Elaina proposes that if people listen to faster-paced music, their pulse rates will increase more than if they listen to slower music. Her mother quietly listens to classic rock at a high volume for 30 minutes, her younger brother listens to classical music while he sleeps at night, and her grandmother listens to two hours of rap at a medium volume. Elaina records each person's pulse before and after listening to the music.

What can you infer is missing from Elaina's scientific investigation?

A testable hypothesis naming independent and dependent variables
An experiment that takes initial and final measurements
Controlled variables with only one varied independent variable
Experimental data that can be recorded and analyzed
Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 MC)

Which of the following correctly completes the following equation:

Nitrogenous base + sugar + phosphate group =

nucleotide
amino acid
enzyme
antibody
Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.03 MC)

The evolution from vesicles to true cells was enabled by the development of

a membrane separating the cell from its environment
organic molecules, such as carbohydrates and lipids
self-replicating molecules, such as RNA and DNA
inorganic molecules, such as nitrogen and oxygen
Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.02 MC)

Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides that have the same chemical formula, C6H12O6. However, they do not chemically react the same. Which of the following generalizations can explain this?

Monosaccharides serve different cellular functions, and they are only involved in reactions in which they are needed.
The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged differently, and the different shape gives each monosaccharide unique properties.
Monosaccharides have different properties, but the disaccharides they form when combined with other molecules will have the same properties.
The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged similarly, but the monomers from which they are formed have different properties.

Answer 1

Here are the answers to the multiple choice questions based on your descriptions:

Question 1 Which statement best describes a characteristic of a scientific theory?

• Supported by a substantial body of evidence observed in nature

Question 2 What can a consumer know for certain about the validity of the company's claims?

• Additional studies will be the reliability check for the claims.

Question 3 Which of the following correctly explains why scientific theories change?

• Scientists argue, re-examine, and consider new explanations to new data.

Question 4 Which statement best describes how an enzyme inhibitor and an enzyme work in a catalyzed reaction?

• The enzyme inhibitor fits into the enzyme's active site, which prevents the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction.

Question 5 Why is the sequence of amino acids important to the properties of a protein?

• It provides structural support; the structure determines the function.

Question 6 What can you infer is missing from Elaina's scientific investigation?

• Controlled variables with only one varied independent variable

Question 7 Which of the following correctly completes the following equation: Nitrogenous base + sugar + phosphate group =

• nucleotide

Question 8 The evolution from vesicles to true cells was enabled by the development of:

• self-replicating molecules, such as RNA and DNA

Question 9 Which of the following generalizations can explain the different chemical reactions of glucose and fructose?

• The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged differently, and the different shape gives each monosaccharide unique properties.

Feel free to ask more questions if needed!