Question 1

Question

Chloe'Lee is developing a model based on patterns of common ancestry. She will draw a cladogram that includes these organisms: sharks, crocodiles, primates, rabbits, amphibians, and birds. Crocodiles and birds produce eggs with shells. Rabbits and primates have hair. Sharks and amphibians have vertebrae. Primates, rabbits, crocodiles, and birds produce amniotic eggs.

Which of the following organisms will Chloe'Lee draw on adjacent branches in her cladogram? Select all that apply.

a
Birds and sharks will be next to each other.
b
Birds and amphibians will be next to each other.
c
Crocodiles and birds will be next to each other.
d
Primates and sharks will be next to each other.
e
Crocodiles and amphibians will be next to each other.
f
Primates and rabbits will be next to each other.
Question 2
Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

Quiz image

a
Crocodiles
b
Saurischian dinosaurs
c
None of these are related to birds
d
Ornithischian dinosaurs
Question 3
Analyze the cladograms. What is the best description of these two clads?
identical_clad.jpg

a
They are identical, there is no difference between the two clades.
b
The clades are different.
c
Right clade has a different common ancestor for A and B
d
Left clade has a different common ancestor at C.
Question 4
Using the image below, which two organisms have the most recent common ancestor?
cladogram.gif

a
ray-finned fish and primates
b
sharks and amphibians
c
birds and primates
Question 5
All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

Quiz image

a
Fur
b
Claws or nails
c
Lungs
d
Jaws

Answer 1

Let's analyze each question one by one.

Question 1: Chloe'Lee is developing a cladogram based on common ancestry. The organisms listed have certain characteristics. We need to identify which organisms will be on adjacent branches:

• Crocodiles and birds produce eggs with shells.
• Rabbits and primates have hair.
• Sharks and amphibians have vertebrae.
• Primates, rabbits, crocodiles, and birds produce amniotic eggs.

Based on these characteristics, the adjacent pairs should be from groups that share common traits.

Correct answers:

• c: Crocodiles and birds will be next to each other (both produce eggs with shells).
• f: Primates and rabbits will be next to each other (both have hair).

Question 2: Identifying which group of animals on a tree are most closely related to birds:

• a: Crocodiles (Crocodiles are reptiles like birds and share a more recent common ancestor than other groups).
• b: Saurischian dinosaurs (The lineage leading to birds mainly comes from theropod dinosaurs, which are part of the Saurischian group).
• d: Ornithischian dinosaurs (Not directly related as closely as Saurischian).

Correct answer:

• a: Crocodiles (They are closest relatives).

Question 3: Analyzing the cladograms provided:

• If the two clads are being compared, identical characteristics would indicate they share a common lineage, while different characteristics would suggest divergence.

Correct answer:

• b: The clades are different.

Question 4: Identifying which two organisms have the most recent common ancestor:

• To determine this, we look at the branching points in the cladogram.

Correct answer:

• c: birds and primates (Often among the most closely related in certain clades).

Question 5: Considering all the animals to the right of the salamander, we need to identify the common characteristic they share:

• Salamanders are amphibians and possess certain features like lungs, but creatures to their right often have additional traits.

Correct answer:

• d: Jaws (All animals to the right likely contain jaws).

Overall, the answers are:

1. c, f
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. d