Question 1: The statement that best demonstrates the central dogma of molecular biology is: DNA and RNA hold the code to create proteins that are the key to gene expression.
Question 2:
The type of mutation shown in the sequences can be identified by comparing the original DNA sequence (TTA-GCG-ATC) to the copied sequence (AAC-TCG-CTA-G). Noticing that there is an extra nucleotide (the "G") in the copied sequence, it indicates the addition of nucleotides, which aligns with:
Insertion.