Question 1

Question

A) What molecule stores the genetic instructions that determine an organism's traits, and
codes for protein synthesis? (1 point)
Protein
Carbohydrate
DNA
RNA
B) What is happening in translation? (1 point)
DNA is transferred from one organism to another
Information from mRNA is used to produce proteins
RNA is replicated
Lipids in cells are synthesized
DNA contains the nitrogenous base , which is replaced by in
RNA.
C) Complete the sentence that follows, using the word bank provided. (2 points)
D) What is the function of mRNA in cells? (1 point)
Carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
Transcribing DNA sequences
Carrying amino acids to the ribosome
Catalyzing biochemical reactions
 uracil  deoxyribose  thymine  proline
E)
Use the codon chart below to determine the bases that will code for the amino acid Methionine
(Met).
(1 point)
Uracil Cytosine Adenine Guanine
First Base
Second Base
Third Base
F) Identify the mutations in the image below, using the word bank provided. (3 points)
 Substitution  Deletion  Insertion
G) Label the parts of DNA in the image below, using the word bank provided. The parts you will
label are the blue, pink, and yellow structures only. (3 points)
H) Which type of chromosomal mutation involves a segment of a chromosome being reversed
end to end? (1 point)
Duplication
Translocation
Deletion
Inversion
 phosphate group  deoxyribose  ribose
 codon  amino acid  base
I) What does semi-conservative replication of DNA mean? (1 point)
DNA replication occurs without any conservation of the original DNA strands.
Each newly synthesized DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly
synthesized strand.
One strand of the DNA molecule is completely conserved, while the other is completely
replaced.
Both strands of the DNA molecule are completed conserved.
J)
According to the codon chart above, what codon represents the amino acid Histidine (His)?
(1 point)
GGA
UUC
CAU
AAU
K) What is the primary function of tRNA in protein synthesis? (1 point)
Binding to amino acids and delivering them to the ribosome.
Forming peptide bonds between amino acids.
Unwinding the DNA double helix.
Carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
L) How does the sugar in RNA differ from the sugar in DNA? (1 point)
RNA contains deoxyribose, while DNA contains ribose
RNA contains ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose
RNA contains glucose, while DNA contains fructose
RNA contains fructose, while DNA contains glucose
Genes contain the keys for constructing
M) Complete the statement below. (1 point)
N)
Give the complementary DNA strand for the following:
ATC GCT AAT
(1 point)
UAG CGA UUA
GCT ATC GGC
TAG CGA TTA
ATC GCT AAT
O) Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). Which of the following would be
homozygous dominant for brown eyes? (1 point)
bb
BB
bB
Bb
P)
Which is the complementary mRNA strand from the following DNA template?
TTC AGC
(1 point)
AAG UCG
CCU GAU
AAG TCG
CCT GAT
Q)
In pea plants, tall plants (T) are dominant over short plants (t). If a heterozygous tall pea plant
is crossed with a homozygous recessive short pea plant, what percentage of the offspring is
expected to be tall?
(1 point)
25%
50%
0%
75%
R) If a black chicken (BB) is crossed with a white chicken (WW) and incomplete dominance is
observed, what are the expected phenotypes of the offspring? (1 point)
All red
All gray
All black
All white
S) In cattle, coat color is controlled by codominant alleles. A red-coated cow (RR) is crossed
with a white-coated bull (WW). What are the expected phenotypes of the offspring? (1 point)
All white coat
All red coat
All pink coat
Red and white coat
TAC CGC CCC
mRNA
Amino Acid
T)
Complete the mRNA sequence that will be formed from the DNA sequence below, then identify
the amino acids using the codon chart provided above.
(6 points)
U) In pea plants, smooth seeds (S) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (s).  What is the
expected genotypic ratio in the offspring of a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
(1 point)
1SS: 2Ss: 1ss
1Ss: 1ss
3SS: 1ss
1SS: 1Ss
V) Which of the following best describes a chromosomal translocation mutation? (1 point)
A mutation where two chromosomes break and exchange segments.
A mutation where a segment of a chromosome is duplicated.
A mutation where a chromosome loses a segment during cell division.
A mutation where a nucleotide base is substituted with another
W) What is chromatin primarily composed of? (1 point)
DNA and proteins
RNA and proteins
DNA and lipids
Proteins and carbohydrates
X) If a person with blood type A (genotype AO) and a person with blood type B (genotype BO)
have children, what are the possible blood types of their offspring? (1 point)
A, B, AB, and O
O only
A, B, and AB
A and B
 Leu  Ser  UTG  AGU  GGG  His  GUU  GCG
 Gly  Arg  UUU  Met  CCC  GGU  AGA  Ala
 AUG
Y) What are the sex chromosomes of a typical human male? (1 point)
XX
XXYY
XY
YY
Z) In three sentences, explain why hemophilia primarily affects males more than females.

Answer 1

Question 1:

A) What molecule stores the genetic instructions that determine an organism's traits and codes for protein synthesis?

• Answer: DNA

B) What is happening in translation?

• Answer: Information from mRNA is used to produce proteins

C) Complete the sentence that follows, using the word bank provided.

• Answer: DNA contains the nitrogenous base thymine, which is replaced by uracil in RNA.

D) What is the function of mRNA in cells?

• Answer: Carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

E) Use the codon chart below to determine the bases that will code for the amino acid Methionine (Met).

• Answer: AUG (First Base: A, Second Base: U, Third Base: G)

F) Identify the mutations in the image below, using the word bank provided.

• Answer: (The specific examples depend on the image provided, but you could have: Substitution, Deletion, Insertion)

G) Label the parts of DNA in the image below, using the word bank provided.

• Answer: (Again, the specific labels would depend on the image provided, but you would label the phosphate group, deoxyribose, and base structures.)

H) Which type of chromosomal mutation involves a segment of a chromosome being reversed end to end?

• Answer: Inversion

I) What does semi-conservative replication of DNA mean?

• Answer: Each newly synthesized DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

J) According to the codon chart above, what codon represents the amino acid Histidine (His)?

• Answer: CAU

K) What is the primary function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

• Answer: Binding to amino acids and delivering them to the ribosome.

L) How does the sugar in RNA differ from the sugar in DNA?

• Answer: RNA contains ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose

M) Complete the statement below.

• Answer: Genes contain the keys for constructing proteins.

N) Give the complementary DNA strand for the following: ATC GCT AAT

• Answer: TAG CGA TTA

O) Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). Which of the following would be homozygous dominant for brown eyes?

• Answer: BB

P) Which is the complementary mRNA strand from the following DNA template? TTC AGC

• Answer: AAG UCG

Q) In pea plants, tall plants (T) are dominant over short plants (t). If a heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short pea plant, what percentage of the offspring is expected to be tall?

• Answer: 50%

R) If a black chicken (BB) is crossed with a white chicken (WW) and incomplete dominance is observed, what are the expected phenotypes of the offspring?

• Answer: All gray

S) In cattle, coat color is controlled by codominant alleles. A red-coated cow (RR) is crossed with a white-coated bull (WW). What are the expected phenotypes of the offspring?

• Answer: Red and white coat

T) Complete the mRNA sequence that will be formed from the DNA sequence below, then identify the amino acids using the codon chart provided above.

• (The specific DNA sequence was not provided, so the answer cannot be determined without that information.)

U) In pea plants, smooth seeds (S) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (s). What is the expected genotypic ratio in the offspring of a cross between two heterozygous individuals?

• Answer: 1SS: 2Ss: 1ss

V) Which of the following best describes a chromosomal translocation mutation?

• Answer: A mutation where two chromosomes break and exchange segments.

W) What is chromatin primarily composed of?

• Answer: DNA and proteins

X) If a person with blood type A (genotype AO) and a person with blood type B (genotype BO) have children, what are the possible blood types of their offspring?

• Answer: A, B, AB, and O

Y) What are the sex chromosomes of a typical human male?

• Answer: XY

Z) In three sentences, explain why hemophilia primarily affects males more than females.

• Hemophilia is linked to the X chromosome, making males more susceptible as they have only one X chromosome. If a male inherits the hemophilia gene on his X chromosome, he does not have a second X chromosome to potentially mask the recessive allele. Females have two X chromosomes, so they can carry one recessive hemophilia allele without expressing the disease, making it less common in females.