Question 1

Question

A student looks up an element on the periodic table. The table says that the atomic number of the element is 12 and the mass number of the element is 40. What information do these two numbers convey about the element?

a
The element has 40 protons and 12 neutrons
b
The element has 12 protons and 12 neutrons
c
The element has 12 protons and has 28 neutrons
d
The element has 28 protons and 40 neutrons
Question 2
In order for an atom to be considered "neutral", which of the following must be true?

a
The number of protons and neutrons must be the same
b
The number of protons and electrons must be the same
c
There are more protons than electrons
d
There are more neutrons than protons
Question 3
In all elements in a group, the thing that is the same is the:

a
Number of electrons in the valence shell
b
Number of electrons
c
Number of protons
d
Number of neutrons
Question 4
Match the following groups with their descriptions

Column A
1.
Halogens:
Halogens
2.
Alkali Metals:
Alkali Metals
3.
Alkali Earth Metals:
Alkali Earth Metals
4.
Noble Gases:
Noble Gases
Column B
a.Inert. Do not react with anything
b.Group number 7, very reactive
c.Group number 1, very reactive
d.Reactive, but not the most reactive
Question 5
Two of most unique elements on the periodic table are hydrogen and helium. What makes them so unique and removed from the other groups on the periodic table?

a
Unlike all other elements, hydrogen and helium are gases
b
Unlike all other elements, hydrogen and helium are not considered metals
c
Unlike all other elements, hydrogen and helium only have a maximum of 2 valence electrons
d
Unlike all other elements, hydrogen and helium have very limited properties
Question 6
The periodic table groups elements into which of the following three categories?

a
Solids, Liquids, Gases
b
Heavy, Light, Medium
c
Dense, Expanded, Compressed
d
Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
Question 7
A bond between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) is what type of bond?

a
hydrogen
b
ionic
c
covalent
d
metallic
Question 8
Which of the following must happen in order for atoms to bond either ionically or covalently with one another?

a
The valence shells of all atoms must be filled after the bonding occurs
b
The chemical properties of the atoms must be satisfied
c
The ions must have different charges
d
The resulting compound must follow ionic naming conventions
Question 9
Which of the following phase changes involves a gas turning into a liquid?

a
Condensation
b
Boiling
c
Sublimation
d
Freezing
Question 10
If you keep a gas's temperature constant, how would you increase the volume of the gas?

a
You would change the temperature
b
You would increase the pressure
c
You would decrease the temperature
d
You would decrease the pressure
Question 11
Of five different laboratory solutions, the solution with the highest acidity has a pH of

a
12
b
3
c
7
d
5
e
11
Question 12
Which state of matter would have the highest kinetic energy?

a
Liquid
b
Gas
c
Solid

Answer 1

Here are the correct answers for each question along with brief explanations:

Question 1

• Correct Answer: c. The element has 12 protons and has 28 neutrons.
  • Explanation: The atomic number (12) represents the number of protons, and the mass number (40) is the sum of protons and neutrons. Therefore, neutrons = mass number - atomic number = 40 - 12 = 28.

Question 2

• Correct Answer: b. The number of protons and electrons must be the same.
  • Explanation: An atom is considered neutral when it has an equal number of protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged).

Question 3

• Correct Answer: a. Number of electrons in the valence shell.
  • Explanation: Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which gives them similar chemical properties.

Question 4

• Correct Matching:
  1. Halogens: b. Group number 7, very reactive
  2. Alkali Metals: c. Group number 1, very reactive
  3. Alkaline Earth Metals: d. Reactive, but not the most reactive
  4. Noble Gases: a. Inert. Do not react with anything

Question 5

• Correct Answer: c. Unlike all other elements, hydrogen and helium only have a maximum of 2 valence electrons.
  • Explanation: Hydrogen and helium have unique electronic configurations and are the only elements in their period, with helium having a complete outer shell with 2 electrons.

Question 6

• Correct Answer: d. Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids.
  • Explanation: The periodic table categorizes elements into these three categories based on their properties.

Question 7

• Correct Answer: b. ionic.
  • Explanation: A bond between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) involves the transfer of electrons from Na to Cl, forming Na+ and Cl-, which is characteristic of ionic bonding.

Question 8

• Correct Answer: a. The valence shells of all atoms must be filled after the bonding occurs.
  • Explanation: Atoms bond to achieve filled valence shells, which leads to greater stability.

Question 9

• Correct Answer: a. Condensation.
  • Explanation: Condensation is the process where gas changes to liquid.

Question 10

• Correct Answer: d. You would decrease the pressure.
  • Explanation: According to Boyle's Law, if temperature is constant, reducing pressure on a gas will increase its volume.

Question 11

• Correct Answer: b. 3.
  • Explanation: A lower pH value indicates higher acidity. A pH of 3 is more acidic than 5, 7, 11, or 12.

Question 12

• Correct Answer: b. Gas.
  • Explanation: Gases have particles that are far apart and move freely, resulting in higher kinetic energy compared to liquids and solids.