Question 1 (1 point)

Question

What is the #1 most abundant element in the Universe?

HINT: It has a 3:1 ratio with the #2 element...

a
Oxygen
b
Hydrogen
c
Helium
d
Carbon
Question 2 (1 point)
What is the CAUSE of the Sun's extreme "solar weather" effects?

Solar weather has real, material effects on Earth

a
The gaseous water vapor on the Sun
b
The immense gravity of the Sun
c
The amount of oxygen atoms in the Sun
d
The chaotic magnetic field of the Sun
Question 3 (1 point)
In the stellar life cycle, what is the birthplace of a star?

a
Nebulae
b
Protostars
c
White Dwarves
d
Red Giants
Question 4 (1 point)
What causes Sunspots and why do they appear dark?

Sunspot - Wikipedia

a
The Sun's magnetic fields cause plasma on the surface to cool down and turn dark
b
Plasma reactions cause the plasma to change color
c
Extreme solar winds push the plasma to different locations, causing it to change color
d
Larger than normal fusion reactions occur in the core, causing dark sunspots to bubble up to the surface.
Question 5 (1 point)
Kepler's Second Law states

a
The area swept out by an orbiting object must be the same for the same time period at any point of the orbital path
b
All orbiting objects in the solar system orbit in elliptical shapes, with the Sun as one of the foci
c
The square of the orbital period of an orbiting object is proportional to the cube of the length of the object's semi-major axis
Question 6 (1 point)
What is gravity?

a
A force of attraction or repulsion based on the magnetic polarity between two objects
b
A force between molecules that converts kinetic energy to heat energy
c
A force of attraction or repulsion based upon the electric charge between two objects
d
A force of attraction between all objects in the universe that have mass
Question 7 (1 point)
According to Kepler's Laws, what is the shape/orientation of orbiting objects in the Solar System?

a
The orbitals are oval shaped with the center being the asteroid belt
b
The orbitals are circular in shape with the Sun being the center of the circle
c
The orbitals are elliptical in shape with the Earth as one of the foci of ellipse
d
The orbits are elliptical in shape with the Sun as one of the foci of the ellipse
Question 8 (1 point)
Copernicus first proposed the heliocentric theory of the Solar System. What does the heliocentric model describe about the Solar System?

a
The heliocentric theory states that the Earth is the center of the Solar System
b
The heliocentric theory states that Mars is the center of the Solar System
c
The heliocentric theory states that the Sun is the center of the Solar System
d
The heliocentric theory states that the Asteroid Belt is the center of the Solar System
Question 9 (1 point)
Copernicus devised the heliocentric theory of the Solar System.

Why was his heliocentric theory NOT accepted at the time that he proposed it?

a
There wasn't enough observable evidence to confirm his theory
b
It went against the accepted scientific theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy at the time
c
It challenged the current religious teachings of the church at the time
d
All of the above
e
None of the above
Question 10 (1 point)
Look at the following picture



This is an example of what type of Galaxy?

a
Elliptical
b
Spiral
c
Irregular
Question 11 (1 point)
Where are the oldest stars located in a galaxy and why?

Galaxy - Wikipedia

a
Center; the fusion ignitions of newer stars pushes the older stars towards the center of the galaxy
b
Outer area; the radiation from stars tends to put radiative pressure on nearby stars, eventually pushing them outward.
c
Outer area; the original stars are always created at the edge of a galaxy.
d
Center; gravity is highest in the middle of a galaxy, and older stars have had more time to get pulled towards the center
Question 12 (1 point)
Which statement gives us the key Evidence that the Universe is Expanding?

a
Objects in the Universe are getting smaller, meaning they must be travelling farther away from each other
b
The Universe is getting cooler, which can only happen if the Universe is expanding faster.
c
The energy distribution in the Universe is thinner than before, meaning that energy is being spread out along farther distances
d
Almost all light in the Universe is red-shifting, meaning those objects creating that light are moving away from each other
Question 13 (1 point)
What is the evidence for the existence of Dark Matter?

*Think about what it is and the role it plays in the Universe.

a
There is not enough mass in galaxies to produce the gravitational force that exists, so Dark Matter must make up the remaining gravitational force needed to hold a galaxy together.
b
The galaxies are too bright for the total amount of energy they produce, meaning Dark Matter must exist to amplify the reflections of the light
c
The momentum of galaxies is too high to match their current moving velocities, meaning that there must be Dark Matter to increase the momentum of those galaxies
d
The largest galaxy is a collection of colliding galaxies, but the sum of its mass is not equal to the masses of the individual galaxies. Dark Matter must make up that difference in mass.
Question 14 (1 point)
Rocks that are created by the cooling of lava are known as

USGS: Volcano Hazards Program Glossary - Basalt

a
Igneous rocks
b
Sedimentary rocks
c
Metamorphic rocks
Question 15 (1 point)
Assuming this was a diagram of a Sedimentary Rock:

Which layer would be the oldest?

a
A
b
B
c
C
d
D
e
E
Question 16 (3 points)
Order the following stages of the Life Cycle of a Star, from youngest to oldest

Reorder answers
1.Red Supergiant
Reorder answers
2.Nebula
Reorder answers
3.Black Hole
Reorder answers
4.Protostar
Reorder answers
5.Main Sequence Star (larger)
Reorder answers
6.Supernova
Question 17 (1 point)
The name of the explosive event that is thought to be the beginning of the Universe is called the "Big Bang"What Was The Big Bang? - WorldAtlas

True
False
Question 18 (1 point)
Which of the following is an example of Physical Weathering?

a
Acid Rain
b
Hydrolysis
c
Frost Wedging
d
Oxidation
Question 19 (5 points)
Use the Word Bank to fill in the following paragraph on weathering and erosion of landforms.

The term means the break down of rock into sediment. Most valleys were created by receding while several sandstone columns were created by . When the Colorado River carved a path into rock cliffs through a process called it created the Grand Canyon, while the Mississippi River Delta was created by the process called .

A List Of Glacial Erosional Features Or Landforms - WorldAtlasTHE WORLD GEOGRAPHY: 10 Incredible Rock Pillar Landscapes8 Facts About the Grand Canyon You Never KnewGeological underpinnings of the Modern Mississippi Delta — McLindon Geosciences, LLC

Word Bank:
abrasionwindweatheringerosionglaciersdeposition
Blank 1:
Blank 2:
Blank 3:
Blank 4:
Blank 5:
Question 20 (1 point)
The main agent in ALL chemical weathering processes is:

a
Wind
b
Heat
c
Sunlight
d
Water

Answer 1

Here are the answers to your questions:

Question 1:
b - Hydrogen

Question 2:
d - The chaotic magnetic field of the Sun

Question 3:
a - Nebulae

Question 4:
a - The Sun's magnetic fields cause plasma on the surface to cool down and turn dark

Question 5:
a - The area swept out by an orbiting object must be the same for the same time period at any point of the orbital path

Question 6:
d - A force of attraction between all objects in the universe that have mass

Question 7:
d - The orbits are elliptical in shape with the Sun as one of the foci of the ellipse

Question 8:
c - The heliocentric theory states that the Sun is the center of the Solar System

Question 9:
d - All of the above

Question 10:
Please specify the picture, but generally speaking:
b - Spiral (assuming it's a spiral galaxy based on common knowledge)

Question 11:
b - Outer area; the radiation from stars tends to put radiative pressure on nearby stars, eventually pushing them outward.

Question 12:
d - Almost all light in the Universe is red-shifting, meaning those objects creating that light are moving away from each other

Question 13:
a - There is not enough mass in galaxies to produce the gravitational force that exists, so Dark Matter must make up the remaining gravitational force needed to hold a galaxy together.

Question 14:
a - Igneous rocks

Question 15:
To determine the oldest layer, typically it would be the bottom layer, which would depend on the diagram provided.

Question 16:
Order from youngest to oldest:
2. Nebula
4. Protostar
5. Main Sequence Star (larger)

1. Red Supergiant
2. Supernova
3. Black Hole

Question 17:
True

Question 18:
c - Frost Wedging

Question 19:
Blank 1: weathering
Blank 2: glaciers
Blank 3: wind
Blank 4: erosion
Blank 5: deposition

Question 20:
d - Water

Feel free to ask if you have any further questions!