Q15

Question

Use the excerpt below to answer the question that follows:

When Adams became President, the war between the French and British was causing great difficulties for the United States on the high seas and intense partisanship [taking of sides] among contending factions within the Nation.

His administration focused on France, where the Directory, the ruling group, had refused to receive the American envoy and had suspended commercial relations.

Adams sent three commissioners to France, but in the spring of 1798 word arrived that the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand and the Directory had refused to negotiate with them unless they would first pay a substantial bribe. Adams reported the insult to Congress, and the Senate printed the correspondence, in which the Frenchmen were referred to only as "X, Y, and Z."…

President Adams did not call for a declaration of war, but hostilities began at sea. At first, American shipping was almost defenseless against French privateers, but by 1800 armed merchantmen and U.S. warships were clearing the sea-lanes.
—WhiteHouse.gov

Based on the information in the excerpt, what can be inferred about the effect the war between France and England had on the United States?

(1 point)
Responses

The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war led to the inability of Congress to function
The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war led to the inability of Congress to function

The unwillingness of the French to negotiate brought about a long period of distrust of the French Directory.
The unwillingness of the French to negotiate brought about a long period of distrust of the French Directory.

The refusal to pay the bribe resulted in a suspension in French trade that deeply altered the American economy.
The refusal to pay the bribe resulted in a suspension in French trade that deeply altered the American economy.

The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.
The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.
Question 16
Q16

How did the War of 1812 affect the U.S. economy?

(1 point)
Responses

Agricultural imports increased.
Agricultural imports increased.

The use of federal paper currency increased.
The use of federal paper currency increased.

Imports of raw materials increased.
Imports of raw materials increased.

Manufacturing increased.
Manufacturing increased.
Question 17
Q17

Why did Jefferson oppose Hamilton’s plan for creating a national bank? Select TWO that apply.

(2 points)
Responses

He argued that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.
He argued that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.

He believed that Americans would protest if it was established.
He believed that Americans would protest if it was established.

He believed that it gave the federal government too much power.
He believed that it gave the federal government too much power.

He felt a national bank was necessary for the government to collect taxes and pay its bills.
He felt a national bank was necessary for the government to collect taxes and pay its bills.
Question 18
Q18

What reason did Jefferson give for urging passage of the Embargo Act?

(1 point)
Responses

to increase the power of the Republican Party
to increase the power of the Republican Party

to protect American traders
to protect American traders

to avoid war over seized ships
to avoid war over seized ships

to decrease the power and influence of New England merchants
to decrease the power and influence of New England merchants
Question 19
Q19

Use the excerpt below to answer the question that follows:

Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful [harmful, destructive] effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness [state of being excessive and unpleasant], and is truly their worst enemy. . . . It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments [stirs up] occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated [made easier] access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another. . . .
--George Washington, Farewell Address

What does the excerpt say about Washington’s views on political parties?

(1 point)
Responses

Leaders of foreign nations could take advantage of different political parties.
Leaders of foreign nations could take advantage of different political parties.

With several political parties, foreign countries would pose less of a threat.
With several political parties, foreign countries would pose less of a threat.

Political parties may lead to unrest in American communities.
Political parties may lead to unrest in American communities.

The nation should embrace more than one party so that the government represents different perspectives.
The nation should embrace more than one party so that the government represents different perspectives.
Question 20
Q20

Use the image below to answer the question that follows:

Which of Jefferson's objectives for the expedition of Lewis and Clark is best represented in this illustration?

(1 point)
Responses

gaining knowledge of the region’s geography
gaining knowledge of the region’s geography

forcing the territory’s Natives Americans from their land
forcing the territory’s Natives Americans from their land

learning about the territory’s Native Americans
learning about the territory’s Native Americans

documenting a safe route to the Pacific Ocean
documenting a safe route to the Pacific Ocean
Question 21
Q21

In what way did the Alien and Sedition Acts change the authority of the federal government?

(1 point)
Responses

The acts permitted the government to deny citizens' rights in time of war.
The acts permitted the government to deny citizens' rights in time of war.

The acts redefined the powers of the legislative branch.
The acts redefined the powers of the legislative branch.

The acts limited the amount of power delegated to each branch of government.
The acts limited the amount of power delegated to each branch of government.

The acts clarified the role of the Supreme Court
The acts clarified the role of the Supreme Court
Question 22
Q22 - ESSAY

Explain - Why is the court c

Answer 1

It looks like I have received a mixture of questions and prompts regarding U.S. history, with an emphasis on political developments, key events, and individual perspectives. I'll address the questions and prompts you've provided to the best of my ability:

Q15

What can be inferred about the effect the war between France and England had on the United States?

Answer: The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.

Q16

How did the War of 1812 affect the U.S. economy?

Answer: Manufacturing increased.

Q17

Why did Jefferson oppose Hamilton’s plan for creating a national bank? Select TWO that apply.

Answer:

• He argued that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.
• He believed that it gave the federal government too much power.

Q18

What reason did Jefferson give for urging passage of the Embargo Act?

Answer: To avoid war over seized ships.

Q19

What does the excerpt say about Washington’s views on political parties?

Answer: Political parties may lead to unrest in American communities.

Q20

Which of Jefferson's objectives for the expedition of Lewis and Clark is best represented in this illustration?

Answer: Gaining knowledge of the region’s geography.

Q21

In what way did the Alien and Sedition Acts change the authority of the federal government?

Answer: The acts permitted the government to deny citizens' rights in time of war.

Q22 - ESSAY

Explain - Why is the court considered the "guardian of the constitution"?

Answer (suggested structure for the essay):

The court is considered the "guardian of the constitution" primarily due to its role in interpreting the Constitution and ensuring its principles are upheld in American law. Through the doctrine of judicial review, established in Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court has the authority to invalidate laws and executive actions that contravene constitutional provisions. This function provides a critical check on the powers of the legislative and executive branches, ensuring that no law can infringe upon the rights guaranteed by the Constitution.

Additionally, the court serves as a forum for the resolution of disputes regarding constitutional interpretation. By adjudicating cases that challenge the legality of laws or executive actions, the court not only protects individual rights but also reinforces the rule of law in society. Its decisions can have far-reaching implications, setting precedents that guide future judicial rulings and influencing public policy.

Moreover, as societal norms and values evolve, the court's interpretations of the Constitution can adapt, thus playing a crucial role in the development of civil rights and liberties. The court remains, therefore, a vital institution in safeguarding the Constitution against potential abuses of power while reflecting the changing ideals of American society.

In summary, the court is viewed as the guardian of the Constitution through its power of judicial review, its role in resolving constitutional disputes, and its ability to adapt interpretations to align with contemporary values, all of which ensure the Constitution remains a living document.

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