The description you provided aligns most closely with Operant Conditioning. Here's a brief overview of each of the three perspectives and approaches you mentioned:
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Operant Conditioning: This is a learning process through which behaviors are modified based on the consequences that follow them. When a behavior is followed by a rewarding consequence, it is more likely to be repeated in the future (reinforcement). Conversely, if a behavior is followed by an unfavorable consequence, it is less likely to be repeated (punishment).
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Classical Conditioning: This form of learning involves forming associations between two stimuli. It typically involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus (which naturally elicits a response) with a neutral stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response on its own. This was famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments with dogs.
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Observational Conditioning: This type of learning occurs through observing the behavior of others and the consequences that follow those behaviors. It is often associated with social learning theories, where individuals learn by watching others rather than through direct experience.
Given your definition of a form of learning that involves changes in behavior as a result of consequences, Operant Conditioning is the correct approach.