The Ghana Empire, which flourished from approximately the 6th to the 13th century in West Africa, was wealthy primarily due to its control of trade routes and the trade of various valuable products. Key resources that contributed to the wealth of the Ghana Empire included:
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Gold: The most significant source of wealth for the Ghana Empire was gold. The region was rich in gold mines, and the empire controlled the trade of gold, making it a major commodity.
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Salt: Salt was another critical product, as it was essential for preserving food and was highly valued. The empire controlled the trade routes that connected the salt mines in the Sahara to the southern regions.
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Ivory: Ivory, harvested from elephants, was also traded extensively, adding to the empire's wealth.
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Kola Nuts: Kola nuts, used in various cultural ceremonies and as a stimulant, were also traded significantly.
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Leather Goods: The production and trade of leather goods, including clothing and armor, contributed to the economy.
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Agricultural Products: While trade in gold and salt was central, the Ghana Empire also benefitted from the agricultural products grown in the fertile areas of its territory.
By controlling these valuable commodities and trade routes, the Ghana Empire was able to establish itself as a powerful and wealthy state in ancient West Africa.