Prior to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, the most notable Diaspora communities were primarily found in regions around the Mediterranean, particularly in places like Egypt and Asia Minor. Among the options you provided, Central Asia had some early Jewish communities, but Great Britain, Japan, and Southern Africa did not have significant Jewish Diaspora populations at that time.
Therefore, the correct response for areas containing Diaspora communities prior to the destruction of the Second Temple would be Central Asia.