To assess the solubility of 1-heptanol and 4-methylphenol in water, we can consider their molecular structures and the influence of hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) characteristics.
1-heptanol:
- Structure: 1-heptanol is a straight-chain alcohol with a seven-carbon chain (heptanol) and a hydroxyl (-OH) group at one end.
- Solubility: 1-heptanol is moderately soluble in water. The hydroxyl group can form hydrogen bonds with water, which enhances its solubility. However, the long hydrophobic carbon chain (C7) reduces the overall solubility in water compared to shorter-chain alcohols.
4-methylphenol:
- Structure: Also known as p-cresol, 4-methylphenol consists of a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring, with a methyl group (−CH₃) in the para position relative to the hydroxyl group.
- Solubility: 4-methylphenol is less soluble in water compared to 1-heptanol. The presence of the bulky benzene ring contributes to its hydrophobic character, while the hydroxyl group, although it can also form hydrogen bonds, is not sufficient to overpower the hydrophobic effects of the aromatic structure.
Conclusion:
- 1-heptanol is more soluble in water than 4-methylphenol because the hydroxyl group in 1-heptanol can more effectively interact with water through hydrogen bonding, despite the long carbon chain. In contrast, the aromatic nature and the associated hydrophobicity of 4-methylphenol limit its solubility in water.