Predict the sign of ΔG0 and ΔSuniverse for water freezing at -10℃ and 1 atm. Note that the normal freezing point of water is 0℃.

Question

Predict the sign of ΔG0 and ΔSuniverse for water freezing at -10℃ and 1 atm. Note that the normal freezing point of water is 0℃. ΔG0 > 0 and ΔSuniverse > 0 ΔG0 < 0 and ΔSuniverse < 0 ΔG0 = 0 and ΔSuniverse = 0 ΔG0 > 0 and ΔSuniverse < 0 ΔG0 < 0 and ΔSuniverse > 0

GPT 3.5 · Answer

ΔG0 < 0 and ΔSuniverse > 0

At -10℃ and 1 atm, water is not at its normal freezing point of 0℃. Since the process is not at equilibrium, ΔG0 will be negative because the system has a tendency to move towards a lower free energy state. ΔSuniverse will be positive as the entropy of the universe increases due to the formation of solid water molecules from liquid water molecules.