plum pudding model or solid sphere model

Answer 1

The plum pudding model, also known as the raisin cookie model, was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1897. According to this model, an atom is made up of a positively charged "pudding" or matrix, with negatively charged electrons (represented as "raisins") embedded within it randomly. This model was proposed in an attempt to explain the results of Thomson's experiments on cathode rays and the discovery of electrons. However, later experiments such as the gold foil experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford in 1911 led to the rejection of this model.

On the other hand, the solid sphere model was proposed by John Dalton in the early 19th century. According to this model, an atom is an indivisible, solid, and uniform sphere with no internal structure. This model was based on Dalton's atomic theory, which proposed that elements are composed of atoms that cannot be further divided. While this model was useful in explaining simple chemical reactions, it failed to explain more complex phenomena observed in later experiments, leading to the development of more refined atomic models.