In the excerpt from "A Descent into the Maelstrom" by Edgar Allan Poe, the author uses pacing in the following ways:
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by using long, complex sentences - The author's choice of long, complex sentences helps to create a sense of depth and reflection in the character's thoughts and experiences.
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by emphasizing observations and ideas - The focus on the character's observations about his physical state and psychological condition emphasizes the impact of the traumatic event, thus slowing down the pacing to draw attention to these ideas.
These two elements contribute to the overall pacing and mood of the excerpt.