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Rocks and minerals are distinct substances, primarily in their composition and structure. Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids with specific chemical compositions and crystalline structures, while rocks are aggregates made up of one or more minerals and can also include organic materials.
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Several properties of rocks assist in identifying their type, including texture, color, and mineral composition. For example, igneous rocks may have a glossy appearance due to their cooled lava, while sedimentary rocks often display layered patterns and may contain fossils within them.
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Crystals form through various processes, most commonly by the cooling and solidification of molten rock or through the evaporation of mineral-rich solutions. As these processes occur, atoms arrange themselves in a specific, repeating pattern, resulting in the formation of crystals.
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Rocks contribute to our daily lives in several ways, such as providing materials for construction and infrastructure development. Additionally, rocks and minerals are essential in manufacturing goods like glass and ceramics, and they play a role in agriculture by improving soil quality.
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The three categories of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooled molten rock, sedimentary rocks develop from the accumulation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rocks under heat and pressure.
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1. How are rocks and minerals different?
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2. What properties of rocks help us figure out what type of rock we're looking at?
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3. How do crystals form?
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4. Describe three ways rocks make our lives easier.
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5. What are the three categories of rocks?
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