please explain to me how to get the answer to this problem. must show all work.

Question

4+j< -1
-

Answer 1

4 + j <-1
add -4 to both sides
j < -5
everything to the left of -5 on a number line

Answer 2

please help again.
i really don't understand this math thing.
41 - a= 23.

Answer 3

41 - a = 23 add a to both sides
___+ a = +a
-------------
41 = 23 + a now add -23 to both sides
-23=-23
-------------
41-23 = a
18 = a