(A) To convert Paulo's time from scientific notation to standard notation:
\[ 1.56 \times 10^4 \text{ s} = 1.56 \times 10000 = 15600 \text{ s}. \]
So, Paulo's time in standard notation is 15,600 seconds.
(B) Next, we need to convert Miguel's marathon time of 4 hours and 6 minutes into seconds to compare it with Paulo’s time.
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Convert hours to seconds: \[ 4 \text{ hours} = 4 \times 3600 \text{ seconds} = 14400 \text{ seconds} \]
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Convert minutes to seconds: \[ 6 \text{ minutes} = 6 \times 60 \text{ seconds} = 360 \text{ seconds} \]
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Add both conversions together: \[ \text{Total time for Miguel} = 14400 \text{ seconds} + 360 \text{ seconds} = 14760 \text{ seconds} \]
Now we can compare both times:
- Paulo: 15,600 seconds
- Miguel: 14,760 seconds
Since 14,760 seconds (Miguel) is less than 15,600 seconds (Paulo), Miguel ran the race in the shorter amount of time.
Final Answer: Miguel ran the race in a shorter amount of time than Paulo.