Part 2: Short Response (10 points)

Question

Directions: Write a short response (2 paragraphs), in which you: 1) Contrast divided consciousness theory and the social influence theory of.hypnosis, and 2) Explain what circadian rhythm is and how it can affect sleep.

Answer 1

Divided consciousness theory and the social influence theory of hypnosis are two contrasting explanations for the phenomenon of hypnosis. According to divided consciousness theory, hypnosis is seen as a state where an individual's consciousness is split into different streams of awareness, with one part responding to the hypnotist's suggestions while another part remains aware of the surroundings. In this theory, hypnosis is believed to induce a dissociative state, similar to daydreaming or being absorbed in a book or movie.

On the other hand, the social influence theory proposes that hypnosis is not a unique state of consciousness but rather a result of social influence and expectations. According to this theory, individuals under hypnosis are highly motivated to comply with the hypnotist's suggestions due to factors like social pressure, conformity, and the desire to please the hypnotist. In essence, this theory suggests that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness that is closely related to social interaction and the power of suggestion.

Circadian rhythm refers to the internal biological clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle in individuals. It is a natural, 24-hour rhythmic pattern that influences various physiological processes, such as hormone production, body temperature, and alertness levels. The circadian rhythm is primarily influenced by light and darkness, with exposure to light suppressing the release of melatonin, a hormone that promotes sleep.

When our circadian rhythm is disrupted, it can affect our sleep patterns. For instance, jet lag or shift work can lead to misalignment between our internal clock and the external light-dark cycle, resulting in difficulties falling asleep, staying asleep, or feeling properly rested. Additionally, disturbances in the circadian rhythm, such as those experienced by individuals with certain sleep disorders or those who frequently experience irregular sleep schedules, can lead to insomnia or excessive sleepiness. Therefore, understanding and maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm is crucial for ensuring optimal sleep quality.