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Organic Molecules
Organic molecules are defined as compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, often combined with other elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These molecules are the foundation of life and include substances like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Macromolecule
A macromolecule is defined as a large, complex molecule typically composed of thousands of atoms. These molecules are often polymers that are made up of smaller subunits called monomers.
Four Major Types of Macromolecules
The four major types of macromolecules that are necessary for our cells include: i. Carbohydrates - sugars and starches that provide energy and structural support. ii. Lipids - fats, oils, and phospholipids that are important for energy storage and cell membrane structure. iii. Proteins - composed of amino acids and perform a plethora of functions including catalysis, structure, and transport. iv. Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA, which are vital for storing and transferring genetic information.
Basic Structure and Construction of Macromolecules
a. Macromolecules are large molecules comprised of smaller units. They often play critical roles in biological processes and structures.
b. What are polymers? Polymers are large molecules formed by the repeated linking of smaller units called monomers through covalent bonds. Examples include proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.
c. What are monomers? Monomers are the basic building blocks or subunits of larger macromolecules (polymers). For example, amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins, while nucleotides are the monomers that form nucleic acids.
These foundational concepts are essential for understanding the complex interactions and functions of biological macromolecules within living organisms.
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