The scenario you've described, where one quantum particle is in the same position as another quantum particle, is best explained by the principle of superposition.
In quantum mechanics, the principle of superposition states that a quantum system can exist in multiple states or configurations simultaneously until a measurement is made. When dealing with identical particles, such as electrons or photons, they can occupy the same quantum state due to their indistinguishable nature, and their combined state can be represented as a superposition of possible states.
The other principles mentioned, such as the principle of uncertainty (which pertains to the limits of simultaneously knowing certain pairs of properties, like position and momentum), the principle of duality (which refers to the wave-particle duality of light), and the principle of polarization (which deals with the orientation of waves), are not directly applicable to the overlap of the positions of identical quantum particles in the way you're referencing.
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