The TWO choices that influenced the emergence of opposing political parties are:
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Differences in opinion on how much power the federal government should have - This fundamentally divided early American politicians into what would become the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
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Looming threat of war with France - The foreign policy challenges and differing approaches to dealing with France (especially during the XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War) also contributed to the polarization of political ideologies and the formation of parties.
The other options may have had some influence, but these two are the most significant factors in the emergence of opposing political parties.