The two choices that influenced the emergence of opposing political parties are:
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Differences in opinion on how much power federal government should have - This fundamental disagreement led to the formation of two prominent political parties: the Federalists, who advocated for a stronger central government, and the Democratic-Republicans, who favored states' rights and a limited federal authority.
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Looming threat of war with France - The perceived threat from foreign nations, particularly during the late 18th century, contributed to divides in political ideology, with differing views on how to respond to these threats affecting party alignment and platforms.
The other options, while relevant to the political climate, were not direct causes of the emergence of political parties in the same way.