notes on metals and non-metals. include their properties, reactivity and their arrangements on the periodic table

Answer 1

Metals:

1. Properties:
- Shiny luster
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Malleable and ductile (can be hammered into thin sheets and drawn into wires)
- High density and melting points
- Generally solid at room temperature (except for mercury, which is a liquid)
- Form positive ions by losing electrons in chemical reactions

2. Reactivity:
- High reactivity: alkali metals (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2) are highly reactive and easily lose electrons to form positive ions.
- Moderate reactivity: transition metals (Groups 3-12) have varying reactivity, but generally form positive ions.
- Low reactivity: noble metals (such as gold and platinum) are highly unreactive and do not readily lose electrons.

3. Arrangement on the periodic table:
- Majority of metals are found on the left-hand side of the periodic table.
- They are located in Groups 1 to 12, as well as in the d-block (transition metals) and f-block (lanthanides and actinides).

Non-Metals:

1. Properties:
- Dull or non-shiny appearance (exception: iodine and graphite)
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Brittle and non-malleable (cannot be hammered into thin sheets or drawn into wires)
- Low density and melting points
- Various physical states at room temperature (solid, liquid, or gas)
- Form negative ions by gaining electrons or share electrons in chemical reactions (except for hydrogen, which can form positive ions)

2. Reactivity:
- High reactivity: halogens (Group 17) are highly reactive non-metals and readily gain electrons to form negative ions.
- Moderate reactivity: non-metals in Group 16 (oxygen, sulfur, etc.) have moderate reactivity and readily form negative ions.
- Low reactivity: noble gases (Group 18) are considered non-reactive as they have completely filled electron shells and do not readily gain or lose electrons.

3. Arrangement on the periodic table:
- Non-metals are mostly found on the right-hand side of the periodic table.
- They are located in Groups 14 (carbon, silicon, etc.) to 18 (helium, neon, etc.), as well as in the p-block.