Note: Your teacher will grade your responses to questions 19–21 to ensure you receive proper credit for your answers.

Question

Americans continue to debate the work of the Manhattan Project. Give two opposing viewpoints on the achievements of the Manhattan Project. Then tell which viewpoint you agree with and why.
(4 points)

Answer 1

Viewpoint 1: Positive Achievements of the Manhattan Project

Proponents of the Manhattan Project argue that it was a monumental scientific and engineering achievement that played a crucial role in ending World War II. The successful development of atomic bombs not only led to the swift conclusion of the war through the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, potentially saving countless lives by averting a prolonged conflict but also established the United States as a dominant global superpower. Furthermore, the technological advancements and innovations that arose from the project laid the groundwork for future scientific research, including advancements in nuclear energy and medicine.

Viewpoint 2: Ethical Concerns and Consequences

On the other hand, critics of the Manhattan Project emphasize the ethical implications and devastating consequences of using atomic weapons. They argue that the bombings caused immense human suffering and loss of life, with hundreds of thousands of civilians killed or affected by radiation. This viewpoint raises moral questions about the justification of using such weapons, even in the context of war. Additionally, the project initiated the nuclear arms race during the Cold War, leading to ongoing global tensions and the threat of nuclear warfare.

Personal Agreement

I align more closely with the second viewpoint. While the technological achievements of the Manhattan Project are significant, I believe that the moral implications and the catastrophic consequences of nuclear warfare cannot be overlooked. The loss of civilian lives and the long-term effects on the survivors demonstrate the grave responsibilities that come with such powerful technology. It is crucial to consider the ethical ramifications of scientific advancements, especially those that can cause widespread destruction. The focus should be on promoting peace and the responsible use of technology rather than glorifying achievements that led to immense suffering.

Answer 2

in a simple paragraph 9th grade level

Answer 3

The Manhattan Project is often seen in two ways. Some people believe it was a great achievement because it developed atomic bombs that helped end World War II quickly, saving many lives that could have been lost in an invasion of Japan. They also say it advanced science and technology in important ways. However, others argue that the project caused terrible suffering because the bombs killed hundreds of thousands of innocent people in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They worry about the long-term effects of radiation and the start of the nuclear arms race, which still poses a threat today. I agree with the second viewpoint because while the science was impressive, the moral consequences of using such destructive weapons are too serious to ignore. We should focus on peace and how to use technology responsibly rather than celebrating achievements that lead to immense suffering.

Answer 4

Historians use both primary and secondary sources to research the past. Suppose that you were writing a report on New Mexico's involvement with World War II. Suggest one primary and one secondary source that could help you in your research. Then explain why using both sources would improve your report.

Answer 5

For a report on New Mexico's involvement with World War II, a useful primary source would be a government document or official military report, such as a letter from a soldier stationed in New Mexico or records from the Los Alamos National Laboratory regarding the Manhattan Project. A secondary source could be a history book or article analyzing New Mexico's role in the war, like “Bombardiers to the Pacific: The 1st Bombardment Group During World War II” by John A. Hageman, which provides context and interpretation.

Using both sources would enhance your report by providing a well-rounded perspective. The primary source offers firsthand accounts and direct evidence of experiences during the war, giving authenticity and personal insight into how the conflict affected people in New Mexico. In contrast, the secondary source provides analysis and context that helps frame these experiences within the broader historical narrative, helping you understand the significance of New Mexico's contributions to the war. Together, they create a more comprehensive and informative report that combines real-life experiences with historical analysis.