The most likely result of this investigation is:
B. The marble released from a distance of 15 centimeters will have the most potential energy transferred into kinetic energy, causing the marble to travel the farthest.
This conclusion is based on the principle that pulling back the slingshot further increases the potential energy stored in the slingshot, which is then converted into kinetic energy when the marble is released. Therefore, the marble released from a greater distance (15 centimeters) will generally travel farther than those released from shorter distances (10 centimeters and 5 centimeters).