Here are the terms that correspond to your definitions and prefixes/suffixes:
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Non-cancerous - Describing a condition that is not cancer; often referred to as "benign."
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Prefix meaning without; lacking - "A-," "an-," or "de-," depending on the context (e.g., "aseptic" means without infection).
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Blood disorder caused by lack of blood cells or hemoglobin - "Anemia."
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Prefix meaning against - "Anti-."
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Benign growth in glandular tissue - "Adenoma."
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Foreign substance - "Antigen" (or "foreign body" depending on context).
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Skin infection caused by bacteria - "Cellulitis."
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Prefix meaning self - "Auto-."
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Suffix meaning pertaining to - "-ic" or "-al."
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Procedure used to treat joint problems - "Arthroscopy" or "arthroplasty," depending on the specific treatment.
If you need more detailed explanations of any of these terms, feel free to ask!