It seems like you're referencing an article or report titled "NASA measures death of glaciers" by Catherine Woods. While I don't have access to specific articles, I can provide a general overview of how NASA studies glaciers and their changes over time.
NASA employs various scientific tools and techniques to monitor glaciers and ice sheets, primarily through satellite observations. Some of the key methods and technologies include:
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Satellite Imaging: NASA uses satellites equipped with advanced cameras and sensors to capture images and data about glacier movement, temperature changes, and overall mass loss.
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GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment): This mission measures variations in Earth's gravity field, which can indicate changes in mass in glaciers and ice sheets.
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IceBridge: This airborne mission bridges the gap between satellite missions and provides high-resolution data on the ice’s surface and thickness.
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Radar and Laser Altimetry: These techniques help in measuring the elevation of the ice surface, allowing scientists to track changes over time.
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Field Studies: In addition to remote sensing, NASA conducts on-the-ground research to validate satellite data and study specific glaciers in detail.
The data collected from these methods helps scientists understand the rate at which glaciers are melting, the factors contributing to their decline (like rising temperatures and changes in precipitation), and the potential implications for sea-level rise and global climate.
If you have specific details or aspects from Catherine Woods' article that you'd like to discuss further, please share!