Name two ions which cause temporary hardness of water and two ions which cause permanent hardness.

Answer 1

The presence of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2 causes temporary hardness in water. The presence of soluble salts of calcium and magnesium, i.e., sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium cause permanent hardness in wate