Name the parts of central hervous system and describe the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 1

The central nervous system (CNS) is primarily composed of two main parts:

1. Brain: The control center of the CNS, responsible for processing information, coordinating actions, and maintaining homeostasis.
2. Spinal Cord: The conduit for information traveling between the brain and the rest of the body, also involved in reflex actions.

Cerebral Hemispheres

The brain is divided into two cerebral hemispheres: the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. Each hemisphere is responsible for different functions and processes information in different ways. Here’s a brief description of the cerebral hemispheres:

1. Structure:

   • The cerebral hemispheres are the largest part of the brain, making up about 85% of its total weight.
   • They are divided by a longitudinal fissure into the left and right hemispheres.
   • Each hemisphere is further divided into four lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

2. Function:

   • Left Hemisphere: Typically associated with logical reasoning, analytical thinking, language skills, and mathematical abilities. It is often the dominant hemisphere for right-handed individuals and many left-handed individuals as well.
   • Right Hemisphere: Associated with creativity, intuition, spatial abilities, and the perception of emotions. It plays a crucial role in understanding context, tone, and nonverbal communication.

3. Cortex:

   • The outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres is known as the cerebral cortex, which is made up of gray matter (neuronal cell bodies).
   • The cortex is involved in higher-order brain functions like thought, language, movement, and sensory processing.

4. Subcortical Structures:

   • Beneath the cortex lies white matter, which consists of myelinated axons facilitating communication between different brain regions.
   • Important subcortical structures include the thalamus (sensory relay center), basal ganglia (motor control), and limbic system (emotions and memory).

5. Gyri and Sulci:

   • The surface of the cerebral hemispheres has numerous folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) that increase the surface area and allow more cortical neurons to exist within the skull.

In summary, the cerebral hemispheres play crucial roles in various cognitive, emotional, and motor functions, and their interconnectedness through the corpus callosum enables communication between the two sides of the brain.