The correct answer is b - Newton's Second Law of Motion.
Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass, expressed mathematically as \( F = ma \). In this case, you have applied a net force of 4 N to an object with a mass of 8 kg, resulting in an acceleration of 0.5 m/s², which aligns with this law.