NAME DATE CLASS Guided Reading Medieval Europe Lesson 5 The Late Middle Ages ESSENTIAL QUESTION • Why do governments change? Famine and Plague 1. Explaining How did famine affect Europe’s people? Identifying As you read the lesson, answer the questions about the Black Death that appear in the left-hand column. The Black Death 2. What is a plague? 3. Where did the plague begin? 4. How did the plague spread? 5. How many Europeans died between 1347 and 1351? 6. What effects did the plague have on the European economy?

Question

. Guided Reading Cont. Medieval Europe 7. Determining Effect How did the plague weaken the system of feudalism? Divisions in Religion and Politics Describing As you read the lesson, write what you learn about the events or people listed in the left-hand column. Event or PersonFacts 8. the Great Schism 9. John Wycliff and Jan Hus 10. the Battle of Crécy 11. Joan of Arc 12. the Reconquista .
Guided Reading Cont. Medieval Europe 13. Finding the Main Idea What caused the Hundred Years’ War between England and France? 14. Assessing How did victory in the Hundred Years’ War affect the French? 15. Identifying Cause and Effect How did the desire of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to unify Spain affect the Jews and Muslims who lived there?

Answer 1

Guided Reading Medieval Europe Lesson 5: The Late Middle Ages

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Why do governments change?

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Famine and Plague

1. Explaining: How did famine affect Europe’s people?
   • Famine led to widespread hunger, malnutrition, and death among the population. It also caused social unrest and weakened feudal obligations as the population struggled to survive.

The Black Death

2. What is a plague?

   • A plague is an infectious disease that spreads rapidly and causes high mortality rates. The Black Death specifically is known for being caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which manifested in the bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.

3. Where did the plague begin?

   • The plague began in Asia, particularly in China, and spread to Europe through trade routes.

4. How did the plague spread?

   • The plague spread through fleas that lived on rats, as well as through human-to-human contact, and was facilitated by trade and movement of armies.

5. How many Europeans died between 1347 and 1351?

   • Approximately 25 million Europeans died, which was about one-third of the population at that time.

6. What effects did the plague have on the European economy?

   • The plague led to labor shortages, which increased wages for workers and decreased the power of landlords. It also caused a decline in trade and economic instability in the short term but ultimately contributed to the rise of a more market-oriented economy.

7. Determining Effect: How did the plague weaken the system of feudalism?

   • The plague weakened feudalism by reducing the population, which resulted in a shortage of laborers. This allowed serfs to demand higher wages and better working conditions, undermining the traditional feudal hierarchy.

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Divisions in Religion and Politics

Describing: As you read the lesson, write what you learn about the events or people listed in the left-hand column.

8. The Great Schism

   • The Great Schism was a split within the Catholic Church that occurred between 1378 and 1417, during which there were multiple claimants to the papacy. This division weakened the Church’s authority and increased criticism of its practices.

9. John Wycliff and Jan Hus

   • John Wycliff was an English theologian who criticized the Church and advocated for translations of the Bible into the vernacular. Jan Hus, a Czech reformer influenced by Wycliff, called for Church reforms and was executed for his beliefs. Both figures laid the groundwork for later Protestant movements.

10. The Battle of Crécy

    • The Battle of Crécy (1346) was a significant battle in the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, where the English longbowmen defeated a much larger French force. This battle demonstrated the effectiveness of new military technology and tactics.

11. Joan of Arc

    • Joan of Arc was a peasant girl who claimed to have received visions from God, prompting her to lead French forces against the English. Her leadership was pivotal in several victories for France, but she was captured and executed. She became a symbol of French national unity and identity.

12. The Reconquista

    • The Reconquista was the centuries-long effort to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, culminating in 1492 with the capture of Granada. It significantly shaped Spanish culture and politics and led to the eventual unification under Ferdinand and Isabella.

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Guided Reading Cont. Medieval Europe

13. Finding the Main Idea: What caused the Hundred Years’ War between England and France?

• The Hundred Years’ War was primarily caused by territorial disputes over the French crown and claims to land in France by English kings, stemming from the dynastic struggles between the two nations.

14. Assessing: How did victory in the Hundred Years’ War affect the French?

• Victory in the Hundred Years’ War solidified France's national identity and authority, helping to unify the country and strengthen the monarchy while diminishing the power of the nobility.

15. Identifying Cause and Effect: How did the desire of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to unify Spain affect the Jews and Muslims who lived there?

• Their desire to unify Spain under Catholicism led to the expulsion and persecution of Jews and Muslims through the Spanish Inquisition and the Alhambra Decree, which forced many to convert to Christianity or leave the country.

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Feel free to ask if you have any further questions or need additional clarification!

Answer 2

reanswer like a 12 year old would

Answer 3

Guided Reading Medieval Europe Lesson 5: The Late Middle Ages

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Why do governments change?

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Famine and Plague

1. Explaining: How did famine affect Europe’s people?
   • Famine made a lot of people hungry and sick, causing many to die. It made life really tough, and people became unhappy and angry because they didn’t have enough food.

The Black Death

2. What is a plague?

   • A plague is a really bad disease that spreads quickly and can kill a lot of people. The Black Death was a super famous plague that happened a long time ago.

3. Where did the plague begin?

   • The plague started in Asia, especially in places like China, and then it traveled to Europe through trade.

4. How did the plague spread?

   • The plague spread through fleas that lived on rats, and it could also spread from person to person. It got worse when people traveled or when armies moved around.

5. How many Europeans died between 1347 and 1351?

   • About 25 million Europeans died! That’s a huge number—almost one-third of the people in Europe at that time!

6. What effects did the plague have on the European economy?

   • Since so many people died, there weren’t enough workers. This meant that workers could ask for better pay and conditions. It also messed up trade a lot at first, but in the long run, it helped create a new way of doing business.

7. Determining Effect: How did the plague weaken the system of feudalism?

   • The plague made many people realize that they could ask for more money and better treatment because there were fewer workers to do the jobs. This made the old feudal system start to break down.

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Divisions in Religion and Politics

Describing: What did you learn about the events or people listed?

8. The Great Schism

   • The Great Schism was when there were a bunch of popes claiming to be the real pope, which made the Church weaker and caused a lot of confusion among people.

9. John Wycliff and Jan Hus

   • John Wycliff was a guy who thought the Church should change a lot and wanted the Bible to be in languages people could understand. Jan Hus was inspired by him and wanted to make the Church better, but he got in big trouble for his ideas.

10. The Battle of Crécy

    • The Battle of Crécy was an important fight during the Hundred Years’ War. The English won against the French, even though the French had more soldiers. The English longbow was super helpful in this battle.

11. Joan of Arc

    • Joan of Arc was a young girl who heard voices from God telling her to help France win against the English. She led her soldiers to some victories but was captured and killed. She’s remembered as a hero in France.

12. The Reconquista

    • The Reconquista was the time when people in Spain wanted to take back their land from Muslims. It took a long time but ended in 1492 when they got the last city back. This changed a lot about how Spain was ruled.

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Guided Reading Cont. Medieval Europe

13. Finding the Main Idea: What caused the Hundred Years’ War between England and France?

    • The Hundred Years’ War happened because England and France were fighting over who should be the king and about some land. There was a lot of tension between them.

14. Assessing: How did victory in the Hundred Years’ War affect the French?

    • When France won the Hundred Years’ War, it made them feel more united as a country and stronger under their king, which was a big deal for their history.

15. Identifying Cause and Effect: How did the desire of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to unify Spain affect the Jews and Muslims who lived there?

    • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella wanted everyone in Spain to be Catholic, so they forced many Jews and Muslims to leave or change their religion. This was really tough for those people.

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Let me know if you need any more help with this!