The primary physiological systems activated by the fight-or-flight response are the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal-cortical system.
1. Sympathetic Nervous System: This system is responsible for preparing the body for immediate physical action in response to a perceived threat or danger. When activated, the sympathetic nervous system triggers a series of physiological responses, such as increased heart rate, dilated pupils, increased blood flow to muscles, and decreased digestive activity. These changes help to enhance physical performance and reaction time, preparing the body to either fight or flee from the threat.
2. Adrenal-cortical System: This system involves the release of hormones from the adrenal glands, particularly cortisol and adrenaline. Cortisol helps to increase glucose levels in the blood, providing the body with a quick source of energy for immediate action. Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, enhances the effects of the sympathetic nervous system by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to muscles. These hormonal responses work in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system to further prepare the body for the fight-or-flight response.
Name and describe the primary physiological systems activated by the fight-or-flight response
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